Page 174 - Energy from Toxic Organic Waste for Heat and Power Generation

154 Energy from Toxic Organic Waste for Heat and Power Generation

the fuel reactivity. Changes in fuel reactivity are achieved by fuel blend-
ing using fuel injection of high-octane number liquid fuel and early cycle
by direct injection of high-cetane number (diesel) fuel. Analysis of air-fuel
mixing in RCCI has also been reported in the literature. However, a diesel
engine operating on dual fuel mode using biodiesel-producer gas combina-
tion results in higher HC and CO emissions [14–19]. Energy conservation
with high efficiency and low emissions are important topics for research in
engine design and development. For enhancing the performance of pro-
ducer gas fueled dual fuel engine, several researchers have investigated the
effect of various biomass feed stock, engine variables, addition of hydrogen,
blends with ethanol, and intake air pressure boosting [16–20]. Effect of hy-
drogen during combustion of producer gas in a dual fuel engine has been
investigated [21]. Thermal efficiency improvement with reduction in the
engine tail pipe emissions has been reported.
Biofuels such as biodiesel and producer gas derived from biomass are
being considered as better alternative fuels in order to ensure both food
and energy security in the prevailing situation of scarcity of fossil fuels.
Investigator [22] reviewed literature on gasification of lignocellulosic bio-
mass used for producer gas generation using different fluidized bed gasifier
types. Performance characteristics of the gasifier at different air flow rates
have been reported [23].
Producer gas composition such as energy content, tar and char content
of producer gas, gas yield, and fuel conversion efficiency has been reported.
Performance of producer gas fueled dual fuel engine operated on diesel/
biodiesel injection always resulted in reduced thermal efficiency with con-
densed emissions [19, 20, 24]. Producer gas is a low calorific value and needs
improvements in fuel properties. In view of these, several researchers have
investigated hydrogen-enriched producer gas to fuel the dual fuel engine.
This improves the burning range and decreased pilot liquid fuel consump-
tion [16]. However, gaseous fuels are hygienic burning in nature. Hence, in-
ducting such fuels in a dual fueled compression ignition engine significantly
resulted in decreased smoke and NO x emission levels. Lower combustion
temperature and reduced oxygen during combustion was the major cause
for the performance [16, 19, 25]. Investigators [19, 26] reviewed several
literatures on producer gas fueled dual fuel engines. They investigated tech-
niques used for exploiting the energy from various biomasses. Experimental
investigations carried out on engine performance using biomass fuels, their
characterization, advantages and disadvantages, and challenges and opportu-
nities have been reported. Effect of pilot fuel quantity on the performance
and exhaust gas emissions of dual producer gas-diesel engine has been