Page 178 - Energy from Toxic Organic Waste for Heat and Power Generation

158 Energy from Toxic Organic Waste for Heat and Power Generation

in almost all countries. Indian GDP still depends on waste management
technologies involved in agricultural sectors. Large quantity of agricultural
waste about 120–160 million tons of agricultural residues is available ev-
5
ery year in India. At present, India has installed capacity of 1.47 × 10 MW,
4
of which 8.19 × 10 MW is from coal, gas, and oil fired power plants. But
3
renewable share in percentage is about 6.2 × 10 MW of the total. India
has already done energy plantation of about 40 million ha. Through this,
about 17,000 biomass gasifiers can be fueled [18, 19]. Important challenges
and disadvantages that are facing the renewable energy sectors have been
reported [19, 37–39]. Major challenges involved in the renewable energy
sector are allocation and distribution, uninterrupted availability, maximum
utilization of renewable energy resources, and investment and implemen-
tation of power generation plants. In addition, biomass energy conver-
sion technology is not fully established, and biomass unstable market is the
main difficulty in the proper utilization of biomass for energy application.
Properly channelled biomass collection, storage space and biomass carrying
methods used with appropriate choice of the location of power plant, etc.
can significantly lower the cost of investment. Further, logistic constraints,
man power availability, and required facilities are also main drivers for
harnessing the energy in power generation. Small capacity biomass-based
power generation plants have large transaction costs and are too expensive
during its development. They also have lower conversion efficiencies and
logistic constraints. Limited availability and improperly scattered distribu-
tion of biomass over the territory are also major drawbacks. In view of this,
India has established several control policies toward optimum utilization of
biomass and enhanced capacities in the renewable energy sector. India is
also struggling to make best use of substitution of petroleum fuel with bio-
fuels and is creating favorable environment for all changes through aware-
ness and education. India is providing many discounts, subsidies, grants,
and incentives toward adopting the use of energy-efficient and renewable
energy appliances. In addition, India has deliberately idealized to create
employment for the remote and rural people and developing green lands.
Hence, they all impel the economy in the socioeconomic way (Source:
MNRE, India).
In India, importance of the use of LDPE bags is gaining prominence
and is creating awareness on environment degradation’s ill effects as well.
Hence, Government of India is planning to destroy such bags. In view of
this, research on bioplastics has already been started for commercial appli-
cations in future.