Page 200 - Energy from Toxic Organic Waste for Heat and Power Generation

178 Energy from Toxic Organic Waste for Heat and Power Generation

80

60
Conversion (%) 40

20

0
–0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
Catalyst/LDPE ratio
Fig. 11.18 Catalyst/LDPE ratio optimization of catalytic degradation.

ratios operated at optimum temperature (350°C). It is observed that in the
absence of catalyst, the conversion from LDPE to liquid was only 15.8%,
while the presence of CaCO 3 catalyst resulted in 74.2% yield of liquid
with catalyst/LDPE ratio being 0.2. For higher mass of catalyst, more gas-
eous product was released compared to liquid fraction. This may be due to
increased rate of reaction which enhances cracking process and results in
maximum gaseous product.

11.7.1.4 Effect of Conversion Time
The effect of conversion time on the catalytic degradation was studied at
optimum conditions of temperature and catalyst as shown in Fig. 11.19.
Investigation showed that 80 min of reaction time resulted in 74.2% of max-
imum conversion into liquid product. Further, the liquid product was col-
lected at optimum conditions and analyzed for its fuel properties.

11.8 PERFORMANCE, COMBUSTION, AND EMISSION
CHARACTERISTICS OF DUAL FUEL ENGINE
11.8.1 Performance Characteristics

Fig. 11.20 presents the effect of combustion chamber configuration on the
brake thermal efficiency of the dual, tri-fuel modes of engine operation. It is
observed that, combustion chamber configuration has significant influence
on the engine combustion due to differences in the swirl augmentation
occurring inside the engine cylinder. For the same combustion chamber,