Page 129 - Environmental Control in Petroleum Engineering

116 Environmental Control in Petroleum Engineering

Table 3-21 b
Toxicity of Generic Drilling Muds (96-hr LC 50, ppm)

Generic Mud Type Liquid Phase Toxicity'
Potassium chloride polymer 27,000
Lignosulfonate seawater 516,000
Lime 163,000
Nondispersed > 1,000,000
Spud mud (slugged intermittently with seawater) > 1,000,000
Seawater/freshwater gel > 1,000,000
Lightly treated lignosulfonate freshwater/seawater 654,000
Lignosulfonate freshwater 293,000
'Mysid shrimp
Source: from Arscott, 1989.
Copyright SPE, with permission.

Table 3-22
Mysid Shrimp Toxicity of Drilling Mud Additives
Mud Type 96-hr LC 50 (ppm)
Potassium chloride polymer (generic #1) 33,000
Lignosulfonate seawater (generic #2) 621,000
Lime (generic #3) 203,000
Lignosulfonate freshwater (generic #8) 300,000
PHPA 9.6 Ibm/gal > 1,000,000
PHPA 14.3 Ibm/gal > 1,000,000
PHPA/20% NACL/14.5 Ibm/gal 140,000
PHPA seawater 13.5 Ibm/gal > 1,000,000
Cationic Mud > 1,000,000
Freshwater chrome-lignosulfonate+2% diesel 5,970
Freshwater chrome-lignosulfonate+2% mineral oil
(15% aromatics) 4,740
Freshwater chrome-lignosulfonate+2% mineral oil
(0% aromatics) 22,500
Mineral oil 180,000
Source: from Wojtanowicz, 1991.
Copyright SPE/IADC, with permission.