Page 124 - Environmental Control in Petroleum Engineering

The Impact of Drilling and Production Operations 111

Table 3-17a
Toxicity of Surfactant Cleaners (96-hr LC 50, mg/L)
Generic Chemical Type Fresh Water Salt Water

Oxyalkylate 3.5-192 5.6-429
Alkoxylated phenol 48-106 56-410
Cationic (quaternary) 0.5 40
Giycol ether 183
—
Source: after Hudgins, 1992.
Copyright SPE, with permission.

Table 3-17b
Toxicity of Nonionic Surfactants (96-hr LC 50, mg/L)
Surfactant Type Test Species Toxicity
Fatty alcohol ethoxylates Pimephales promelas <3
(C I2-C l5)
Fatty alcohol ethoxylates Pimephales promelas 64
(C, 0-C I2)
Pleuronectes platessa 7.5
Crangon crangon 22
Algae 5
Fatty alcohol ethoxylates (C ) Pimephales promelas 20
Pholis gunnellus 90
Gasterosteus aculeatus 90
Crangon crangon 180
Chaetogammarus marinus 49
Di-sec-butyl-phenol ethoxylate Pimephales promelas 50
Polypropylene glycols Pimephales promelas > 100
(MW=4,000)
Polypropylene glycols Pimephales promelas >100
(MW=400)
Ethoxylated alkyl Crangon crangon 33-100
alcohols + methanol
Ethoxylated alkyl Crangon crangon 100-330
alcohols + isopropanol
Unspecified surfactant Fish 10-40
Source: after Maddin, 1991.
Copyright SPE, with permission.