Page 122 - Environmental Control in Petroleum Engineering

The Impact of Drilling and Production Operations 109

Table 3-12b
Toxicity of Biocides (15-minute microtox, EC 50, mg/L)
With Oxygen
Biocide Pure Scavenger
Ammonium bisulfate 250-500 —
Chlorinated aromatic 0.33 0.52
Fatty diamine 3.9 1.6
Formulated fatty diamine
oxygen scavenger mixture — 2.4
Fatty amine 3.7 1.1
Polymeric biguanide hydrochloride 1.1 1 .5
Organobromide 2.5 33
Source: after Whale and Whitham, 1991.
Copyright SPE, with permission.

Table 3-13
Toxicity of Reverse Emulsion Breakers (96-hr LC 50, mg/L)

Generic Chemical Type Fresh Water Salt Water
Cationic polyelectrolyte + metal salts 1.2-4.4 56
Polyamine ester + zinc salt — 235-1,020
Polyacrylate 16,713 13,467-15,621
Cationic polyelectrolyte 1.2–4.4 > 1,000

Source: after Hudgins, 1992.
Copyright SPE, with permission.

Table 3-14
Toxicity of Emulsion Breakers (96-hr LC 50, mg/L)
Generic Chemical Type Fresh Water Salt Water

Oxyalkylated dopropylene glycol 40
Phenol formaldehydes 5.26-25.4 3.56-28
Alkyl aryl sulfonate 6.7-7.5 10
Source: after Hudgins, 1992.
Copyright SPE, with permission.