Page 125 - Environmental Control in Petroleum Engineering

112 Environmental Control in Petroleum Engineering

Table 3-17c
Toxicity of Anionic Surfactants (96-hr LC 50, mg/L)
Surfactant Type Test Species Toxicity
Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid
with di-sec-butylphenol ethoxylate Gasterosteus aculeatus 0,32
Dodecyclbenzenesulfonic acid Crangon crangon 330-1,000
Sodium dodecyl-benzenesulfonate Fish <10
Salmo gairdneri 4_6
Cyprinus carpio 4-6
Sodium tetrapropyl-benzenesulfonate Salmo gairdneri 1-2
Cyprinus carpio 1-2
Sodium alkyl-(branched) benzenesulfonate Cyprinus carpio 18
Sodium alkyl-(C10-C15) benzenesulfonate Salmo gairdneri 1.9
Disodium decyldiphenyl-ether
disulfonate Pimephales promelas 4
Sodium polynaphthalene-sulfonate Pimephales promelas 375
Ammonium decyl
poly -ethoxy ether sulfate Salmo gairdneri 140
Sodium dodecyl-ethoxyether sulfate Fish <10
Sodium palmitate Fish 10-12
Sodium oleate Fish 10–12
Sodium stearate Fish 10–12

Source: after Maddin, 1991.
Copyright SPE, with permission.

Table 3-17d
Toxicity of Cationic Surfactants (96-hr LC 50 , mg/L)

Surfactant Type Test Species Toxicity
Alkyl (C 8-C I8) di-(2-hydroxyethyl)
benzyl ammonium chloride Salmo gairdneri 5,4
Octadecyldimethyl ammonium chloride Salmo gairdneri 4
Unspecified biocides Crangon crangon 0.2-> 1,000
Perfluorooctylsulfon-amidopropyltrimethyl
ammonium iodide Pimephales promelas 30
Dodecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride
with dodecyldiethanol-amine oxide 55

Source: after Maddin, 1991.
Copyright SPE, with permission.