Page 126 - Environmental Control in Petroleum Engineering

The Impact of Drilling and Production Operations 113

Table 3-17e
Toxicity of Amphoteric Surfactants (96-hr LC 50, mg/L)

Surfactant Type Test Species Toxicity
Dodecylbetaine Pimephales promelas 12
Dodecylbetanie with
polypropylene glycol
(MW=400) Pimephales promelas 87
Daphnia magna 11
Source: after Maddin, 1991.
Copyright SPE, with permission.

Table 3-18
Toxicity of Coagulants (96-hr LC 50, mg/L)
Generic Chemical Type Fresh Water Salt Water
Polyamine ester > 1,000
Polyacrylamide 14,800
Phosphate ester 1,800
Polyamine quaternary 0.24-0.52
Polyquaternary 498 21

Source: after Hudgins, 1992.
Copyright SPE, with permission.

Table 3-19
Acute Toxicity of Foam Breakers (96-hr LC 50, mg/L)
Generic Chemical Type Fresh Water Salt Water

Alcohol modified fatty acid 50
Trybutyl phosphate
Source: after Hudgins, 1992.
Copyright SPE, with permission.