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                                      Finance for Non-Financial Managers
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                                   because in most cases they don’t appear on the basic
                                   financial statements.
                               ❏ CPFs are most effectively used when a company identifies
                                   its most sensitive areas in sales, operations, and finance
                                   and establishes goals or standards for each area to be
                                   improved. Common financial CPFs include measures of
                                   financial strength, profitability, liquidity, and leverage. Key
                                   operational CPFs include relevant productivity indicators.
                                   Key sales CPFs should include sales backlog and sales
                                   force performance.
                               ❏ Trends tell us what a single piece of data can never tell
                                   us—what the future might look like. The trick is to capture
                                   the right CPFs and to present them in six to 12 periodic
                                   readings, so that it becomes easier to see where they are
                                   going and whether action should be taken to encourage or
                                   counter that trend.
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