Page 195 - Formation Damage during Improved Oil Recovery Fundamentals and Applications

Formation Damage by Fines Migration: Mathematical and Laboratory Modeling, Field Cases 169

k Permeability, L 2
Boltzmann constant, L MT Θ 21
2
22
k B
k i Absolute permeability for phase i, L 2
k ri Relative permeability for phase i
21 22
K Composite Young’s modulus, ML T
L Core length, L
Normal lever arm, L
l n
Drag lever arm, L
l d
Concentration of i ions in bulk solution, L 23
n i0
Refractive index of particle
n 1
Refractive index of grain
n 2
Refractive index of fluid
n 3
n N Bulk density of ions
22 21
p Pressure, MT L
P Dimensionless pressure
2 21
q Flow rate per unit reservoir thickness, L T
r Radial coordinate, L
Pore size, L
r p
Particle radius, L
r s
r e Drainage radius, L
s Saturation
S a Dimensionless attached particle concentration
S s Dimensionless strained particle concentration
ΔS cr Dimensionless mobilized concentration of detached particle with salinity
alteration
t Time, T
T Temperature, Θ
T Dimensionless time
T 0 Intersection of characteristic line and the T-axis
U Darcy’s velocity, LT 21
Particle velocity, LT 21
U s
2 22
V Total energy, ML T
2 22
V LVW London-Van der Waals potential, ML T
2 22
Electrical Double Layer potential, ML T
V EDL
2 22
Born Repulsive potential, ML T
V BR
x Linear coordinate, L
X Dimensionless linear coordinate
z Valence symmetrical electrolyte solution
Greek symbols
α Drift delay factor
β a Formation damage coefficient for attached particles
β s Formation damage coefficient for strained particles
γ Salinity, L 23
Γ Dimenssionless salinity
ε Dimensionless delay time
ε 0 Dielectric permittivity of vacuum, MT 22