Page 196 - Formation Damage during Improved Oil Recovery Fundamentals and Applications

170 Thomas Russell et al.

ε 1 Dielectric constant of the particle, MT 22
ε 2 Dielectric constant of the grain, MT 22
ε 1 Dielectric constant of the fluid, MT 22
2 23 21
ζ s Zeta potential for particle, ML T I
2 23 21
ζ g Zeta potential for grain, ML T I
κ Inverse Debye length, L
λ Filtration coefficient for re-attachment, L 21
Characteristic wavelength of interaction, L
λ w
Initial filtration coefficient, L 21
λ 0
Λ Dimensionless filtration coefficient for re-attachment
Dimensionless filtration coefficient for straining
Λ s
μ Dynamic viscosity, ML T
21 21
ν Poison’s ratio
Constant value of absorption frequency, T 21
ν e
Atomic collision diameter, L
σ LJ
Critical retention function, L 23
σ cr
Δσ Mobilized concentration of detached particles with salinity decrease, L 23
Concentration of attached particles, L 23
σ a
Concentration of strained particles, L 23
σ s
σ m Number of vacancies available for particle straining, L 23
τ Delay time of particle release, T
ϕ Lagrangian coordinate (potential)
φ Porosity
φ c Porosity of the internal cake
χ Lift coefficient
Ψ s Reduced zeta potential for particle
Ψ g Reduced zeta potential for grain
ω Drag coefficient
Super/Subscripts
0 Initial value or condition
1 Ahead of the front
- Behind the front
cr Critical, for radius, retention concentration, velocity, and salinity
I Initial, for pressure, salinity, and concentrations
J Injected, for salinity
m Minimum, for velocity
mI Minimum under the initial water salinity, for radius and velocity
mJ Minimum under the injected salinity, for radius and velocity
o Oil phase
w Water phase, for relative permeability, and area of pore surface
REFERENCES
Akhmetgareev, V., Khisamov, R., 2015. 40 years of low-salinity waterflooding in
Pervomaiskoye field, Russia: incremental oil. SPE European Formation Damage
Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers.
Altmann, J., Ripperger, S., 1997. Particle deposition and layer formation at the crossflow
microfiltration. J. Memb. Sci. 124 (1), 119 128.