Page 19 - Subyek Teknik Mesin - Forsthoffers Best Practice Handbook for Rotating Machinery by William E Forsthoffer

List of Best Practices
B.P. 3.19: Avoid the use of offset or lemon bore bearings B.P. 5.8: Condition monitor steam seals by trending gland
B.P. 3.20: Pad temperature and not only shaft displacement condenser vacuum
indicate excessive thrust B.P. 5.9: Use dual gland condenser systems in special purpose
B.P. 3.21: Monitor balance devices to ensure they are serviced turbines
only during turnarounds B.P. 5.10: Always shop test special purpose steam turbines
B.P. 3.22: Use a ‘flow through oil’ oil seal for high pressure B.P. 5.11: Perform coupled overspeed trip checks for turbines
when start-up pressures are < 15 barg with electronic governors
B.P. 3.23: Accurately define all dry gas seal/system B.P 5.12: Exercise very high pressure (>100 barg) turbine trip
requirements for maximum MTBFs valves daily
B.P. 3.24: When to require full pressure/load testing B.P. 5.13: Always use a torquemeter in condensing and
B.P. 3.25: Avoid vacuum tests of centrifugal compressors extraction/condensing services
B.P. 3.26: Use a surge line intercooler to minimize trapped gas B.P. 5.14: Use a seal eductor and oil condition monitoring
volume bottles on single stage turbines
B.P. 3.27: Always integrate performance with mechanical B.P. 5.15: Always install a tachometer for all general purpose
condition for optimum reliability steam turbines
B.P. 3.28: Re-rates e check drive system and suction drum B.P. 5.16: Always keep single valve turbine hand valves open
limitations and do not throttle them
B.P. 5.17: Check single valve steam turbine governor
movement, every three months
Chapter 4 Gear and Coupling Best
Practices
Chapter 6 Gas Turbine Best Practices
B.P. 4.1: Avoid the use of planetary gears
B.P. 4.2: Design audit gears when pitch line velocities exceed B.P. 6.1: Always consider aero derivative/power turbine
6,000 meters/minute (hybrid type) gas turbine units
B.P. 4.3: Proper anti-friction bearing selection for low speed, B.P. 6.2: Accurately define site conditions to ensure required
high torque gear applications power on site
B.P. 4.4: Load gears as much as possible during start up for low B.P. 6.3: Size the gas turbine output power for a minimum of
vibrations +10% at rated site conditions
B.P. 6.4: Screen for proven model and support system
B.P. 4.5: Use gear centerline shaft position to monitor radial
bearing wear and load angle experience during the pre-FEED phase
B.P. 4.6: Replace gear couplings with flexible disc couplings on B.P. 6.5: Avoid the use of ‘lemon’ or offset sleeve type
critical applications bearings
B.P. 4.7: Ensure liquid-free start ups with hydraulically fit B.P. 6.6: Establish a change out agreement for both industrial
couplings and aero-derivative gas turbines
B.P. 4.8: Review flexible coupling shaft end thermal axial B.P. 6.7: Utilize a self-cleaning turbine inlet air filter sized for
growth calculations 1' H 2 O clean pressure drop
B.P. 4.9: Limit shaft end tapers for hydraulic fit couplings to B.P. 6.8: Require a stainless steel oil reservoir and oil piping
1 B.P. 6.9: Trending of air compressor, gas generator and power
/ 2 " per foot or less
B.P. 4.10: Hydraulic coupling hub installation guidelines turbine performance
B.P. 6.10: Require a torquemeter to allow accurate calculation
of gas turbine efficiency
Chapter 5 Steam Turbine Best
Practices
Chapter 7 Lube, Seal and Control Oil
B.P. 5.1: Accurately define steam conditions for maximum System Best Practices
turbine power output and reliability
B.P. 5.2: Size critical service steam turbines for maximum B.P. 7.1: Specify all ambient conditions and desired oil type on
possible driven equipment load the oil system data sheet
B.P. 5.3: Screen for proven blade row experience during the B.P. 7.2: Require stainless steel reservoir, vessels and piping
pre-bid meeting B.P. 7.3: Specify a minimum of 1 meter distance between all
B.P. 5.4: Trend after first stage pressures vs. steam flow and oil system components
phase angle to detect fouling B.P. 7.4: Fill oil console baseplates with cement for mass
B.P. 5.5: Use shaft stiffness ratio to detect rotor instabilities B.P. 7.5: Always perform a design audit of system and
and turning gear requirements component sizing
B.P. 5.6: Avoid the use of lemon bore or offset sleeve anti- B.P. 7.6: Carefully monitor lube/seal oil reservoir level on all
whirl type bearings refrigeration applications
B.P. 5.7: Design audit thrust bearing loading to ensure thrust B.P. 7.7: Use centrifugal single stage pumps whenever
pad temperatures < 110 C possible

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