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292 Fracture Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications
(a)
(b)
(c)
FIGURE 6.39 Schematic illustration of crack growth in concrete, together with two simplified models:
(a) crack growth in concrete, (b) process zone idealized as a zone of strain softening, and (c) process zone
idealized by closure tractions.
FIGURE 6.40 Typical tensile response of concrete.