Page 398 - From Smart Grid to Internet of Energy

Index 363

Unlicensed Industrial, Scientific and Medical coverage areas, 193, 193f
(ISM) bands, 210, 232, 242 families, 191
Unofficial spectrum bands, 213 MAC frame structure, 191, 192f
Unsupervised learning method, 324 network architectures, 195–196, 195f
Urban microgrids, 27 technical specifications, 193, 194t
User Datagram Protocol (UDP), 188, 252 Wi-Fi, 190–191
smart grid applications, 196–197
V Wireless mesh networks (WMNs), 107–108
Valley filling, 80 Wireless Metropolitan Area Network
Vehicle-to-grid (V2G), 256, 266 (WMAN), 202–203, 205
Virtual link layer (VLL), 291 Wireless network for Industrial Automation-
Virtual private networks (VPNs), 7, 99 Process Automation (WIA-PA),
282–283
Wireless personal area network (WPAN), 6–7,
W 39. See also Low-rate WPANs
White-Fi/Super Wi-Fi, 192 IEEE 802.15.4 standard, 229
Wide Area Monitoring Protection and Control Piconet scheme, 175–176
(WAMPAC) system, 46, 49, 92–94, 241 in smart grid architecture, 16, 17–20t
Wide area monitoring system (WAMS), 85, Wireless regional area network (WRAN), 6–7,
88–89 229
applications, 91, 91–92t Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), 173–174,
cognitive radio (CR) technology, 241 252–253, 310, 314
Wide area networks (WANs), 7, 14–16, 17–20t, advantages, 174–175
36, 65–66, 68–69, 79, 99 applications, 53–54, 54t
bidirectional communication, 111 in healthcare, 173–174
cognitive radio (CR) technology, 235–237, organization and transmission, 52–53, 52f
237t parts of, 51–52
communication technologies, 112 sensors, 51–52
coverage area, 111, 231–232 SG applications, 173–174
energy routers in, 340–341, 340f Wireless Smart Utility Network (Wi-SUN),
PLC utilization, 112–113 185
Wide-area situational awareness (WASA), 242 Wireline communications, 6–7, 17–20t
Wideband CDMA (W-CDMA), 198 Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave
Wi-Fi, 190–191, 196 Access (WiMAX), 6–7, 16, 17–20t,
Wi-Fi HaLow, 192 68–69, 79, 198–199, 261, 269, 276–277,
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA), 197 294–295
Wind energy conversion system (WECS), backhaul-based, 203, 205
160–161, 164–165f and energy internet (EI), 342
Wired communication methods, 315 IEEE 802.16 standard, 202–203
Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP), 197 protocol structure, 203, 203f
Wireless communications, 6–7, 17–20t,65 smart grid applications, 204f, 205
applications, 209–210 WRAN. See Wireless regional area network
development, 209–210 (WRAN)
technologies in, 175, 176f
WirelessHART, 187–188 Z
Wireless heterogeneous network architecture, Zeta bytes (ZB), 313
261–263, 262f ZigBee systems, 186–187
Wireless local area networks (WLANs), 6–7 Zimmermann and Dostert model, 130
IEEE 802.11 standard, 175 zipWithIndex operation, 322