Page 97 - From Smart Grid to Internet of Energy

82 From smart grid to internet of energy

Standards Institute (ANSI), National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST) and so on. We will deal with standards of two major standard develop-
ment organizations since both have widespread acceptance by most of industry.
Even though each device integrated to any AMI system may be produced by
different vendors, they should be capable not only transmitting the measure-
ment or control data to receiving node but also should comply with data
exchanging devices to receive and to accomplish the required process. In addi-
tion to diversity of standard development organization, there are many types of
interoperability standards have been improved for specific applications such as
follows;

l Multimedia related standards for microwave, fiber optics, Wi-Fi, wireline
communication and cellular communications,
l Data transmission standards such as internet standards, IP, TCP, UDP and
HTTP standards,
l Application related standards as IEC 61850, IEC 61968, common informa-
tion model (CIM), ANSI C.12 and so on
l Security standards such as advanced encryption standards (AES) AES 128,
AES 256, public key infrastructure (PKI), and certificates
IEC is one of the leading standard development organization and organized by
several technical councils (TCs) that TC 57 develops standards of communica-
tion and interoperability for smart grid. The featured communication standards
that are developed by IEC TC57 for electric power networks are illustrated in
Fig. 2.9. The presented standards scheme includes standards for interoperability
layers, domains and zones. The interoperability layers are listed starting from
components layer, communication layer, information layer, function layer
and business layer while domains refer for generation, transmission, distribu-
tion, DER and customer premises. The zones are process, field, station, oper-
ation, enterprise, and market. The standards developed by IED TC57 are
classified according to zones and communication layers as follows;
l IEC 61850 is improved for mapping, service models, and object models in
the field zone. It is associated with substation automation, DER and DG
including photovoltaics, wind turbines and similar RESs, DA applications,
supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) communications,
and PEVs
l IEC 61970 for generic interface definition (GID) and CIM at control centers
for transmission and distribution abstract modeling, application and data-
based integration,
l IEC 61968 for CIM, distribution management and AMI back office
interface
l IEC 62351 that is improved for support and security services that focuses on
IEC protocols, management operations of network and system, and autho-
rized access control.