Page 98 - From Smart Grid to Internet of Energy

Smart metering and smart monitoring systems Chapter 2 83

FIG. 2.9 Common Information Model (CIM) and IEC 61850 models of IEC [15]. (With the per-
mission of International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).)

The smart meters are compliant with the specifications of some IEC standards
such as 61000-4 standard group, IEC 62052-11 and IEC 62053-11 standards
[14–16].
In addition to aforementioned standards, IEC 62056 series are specific stan-
dards for electricity metering and data exchange for metering, tariffs, and load
controls. Starting from 2008, the AMI communication standards have been
shifted from PHY layer to applications layer since application level protocols
are more robust on isolate configurations and implementations. The PHY layer
AMI communication standards have been defined by ANSI C12.18 standard
while device level standard is ANSI C12.21 and application level standard is
ANSI C12.22. ANSI has also working groups for specific standards as other
standard development organizations. One of the most widely used ANSI stan-
dard for AMI is ANSI C12.18-2016 Protocol Specification for ANSI Type 2
Optical Port defines a standard interface for communication of C12.18 devices
and C12.18 Client systems over optical port. The C12.18 Client refers to any
electronic device including computer, mobile reader, master station system
or other communication devices. The standard relies on seven-layer OSI net-
work infrastructure and is designed for data transmission formats of tables
for delivering data to transport layer through network. Another ANSI standard
that is also listed in Table 2.3 is C12.19 Utility Industry End Device Data
Tables. ANSI C12.19 standard provides a common data structure definition
for end devices and particularly for smart meters in data transferring applica-
tions. The standard has been put through after cooperation with meter producers
and AMR services.