Page 362 - Fundamentals of Air Pollution 3E

References 317

the two-parameter averaging time model (Fig. 4-6) is adequate. The two
parameters are the geometric mean and the standard geometric deviation.
If these two parameters for a pollutant at a site can be determined for an
averaging time, the model can calculate them and the annual maximum
concentration expected for any other averaging time. For receptors in the
vicinity of point sources, where for a given averaging time many concentra-
tions will be zero, a three-parameter averaging time model is required. The
third parameter is an increment (positive or negative) that is added to every
observed concentration. In Fig. 19-13, showing the three-parameter model
3
applied to data from the vicinity of a power plant, 6 ptg m~ have been
added to each observed concentration.

REFERENCES

1. Irwin, J. S., Atmos. Environ. 13, 191-194 (1979).
2. Smith, M. E., Meteorol. Monogr. No. 4, 50-55 (1951).
3. Church, P. E., Ind. Eng. Chem. 41, 2753-2756 (1949).
4. Gifford, F. A., Int. f. Air Pollut. 2, 109-110 (1959).
5. Hay, J. S., and Pasquill, F., Diffusion from a continuous source in relation to the spectrum
and scale of turbulence, in "Advances in Geophysics," Vol. 6, "Atmospheric Diffusion
and Air Pollution" (F. N. Frenkiel and P. A. Sheppard, eds.). Academic Press, New York,
1959, pp. 345-365.
6. Cramer, H. E., Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 20(3), 183-189 (1959).
7. Cramer, H. E., Improved techniques for modeling the dispersion of tall stack plumes.
"Proceedings of the Seventh International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling
and Its Application." North Atlantic Treaty Organization Committee on Challenges of
Modern Society. Pub. No. 51. Brussels, 1976. (National Technical Information Service PB-
270 799.)
8. Draxler, R. R., Atmos. Environ. 10, 99-105 (1976).
9. Irwin, J. S., /. dim. Appl. Meteorol. 22(1), 92-114 (1983).
10. Singer, I. A., and Smith, M. E., /. Meteorol, 10(2), 121-126 (1953)
11. Pasquill, F., "Atmospheric Diffusion," 2nd ed. Halstead Press, New York, 1974.
12. Gifford, F. A., Nucl. Safety 17(1), 68-86 (1976).
13. Pasquill, F., Meteorol. Mag. 90(1063), 33-49 (1961).
14. Gifford, F. A., Nucl. Safety 2, 47-55 (1961).
15. Pasquill, F., "Atmospheric Dispersion Parameters in Gaussian Plume Modeling, Part II.
Possible Requirements for Change in the Turner Workbook Values," EPA-600/4-76-030b.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 1976.
16. Turner, D. B., and Busse, A. D., "User's Guide to the Interactive Versions of Three Point
Source Dispersion Programs: PTMAX, PTDIS, and PTMTP." Meteorology Laboratory,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 1973.
17. Smith, F. B., A scheme for estimating the vertical dispersion of a plume from a source
near ground level. "Proceedings of the Third Meeting of the Expert Panel on Air Pollution
Modeling," Oct. 2-3, 1972, Paris. North Atlantic Treaty Organization Committee on the
Challenges of Modern Society. Pub. No. 14. Brussels, 1972. (National Technical Informa-
tion Service, PB-240 574.)