Page 125 - Fundamentals of Air Pollution

References 95

TABLE 6-5
Thermal Conversion Factors for Fuels
Fuel Joule x 10 6

Bituminous coal 30.48 per kg
Anthracite coal 29.55 per kg
Wood 20.62 per kg
Distillate fuel oil 38.46 per kg
Residual fuel oil 41.78 per liter
Natural gas 39.08 per m 3
Manufactured gas 20.47 per m 3

D. Data Reduction and Compilation
The final emission inventory can be prepared on a computer. This will
enable the information to be stored on magnetic tape or disk so that it can
be updated rapidly and economically as new data or new sources appear.
The computer program can be written so that changes can easily be made.
There will be times when major changes occur and the inventory must be
completely changed. Imagine the change that would take place when natu-
ral gas first becomes available in a commercial-residential area which pre-
viously used oil and coal for heating.
To determine emission data, as well as the effect that fuel changes would
produce, it is necessary to use the appropriate thermal conversion factor
from one fuel to another. Table 6-5 lists these factors for fuels in com-
mon use.
A major change in the emissions for an area will occur if control equip-
ment is installed. This can be shown in the emission inventory to illustrate
the effect on the community.
By keeping the emission inventory current and updating it at least yearly
as fuel uses change, industrial and population changes occur, and control
equipment is added, a realistic record for the area is obtained.

REFERENCES

1. Tombach, I., "A Critical Review of Methods for Determining Visual Range in Pristine
and Near-Pristine Areas," Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control
Association, Pittsburgh, 1978.
2. Singer, J. G. (ed.), "Combustion, Fossil Power Systems," 3rd ed. Combustion Engineering,
Windsor, CT, 1981.
3. Popovich, M., and Hering, C, "Fuels and Lubricants." Oregon State University Press,
Corvallis, 1978.
4. Straus, W., "Industrial Gas Cleaning," 2nd ed. Pergamon, Oxford, 1975.
5. Buonicore, A. J., and Davis, W. T. (eds.), "Air Pollution Engineering Manual." Van
Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1992.