Page 126 - Fundamentals of Air Pollution

96 6. Sources of Air Pollution

6. Stem, A. C. (ed.), "Air Pollution," 3rd ed., Vol. IV. Academic Press, New York, 1977.
7. Elston, J. C., /. Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 31(5), 524-547 (1981).
8. Stern, A. C. (ed.), "Air Pollution," 3rd ed.. Vol. III. Academic Press, New York, 1977.
9. "Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors," AP-42 and Supplements. U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 1973-1992.
10. Public Law 101-549, 101st Congress—November 15, 1990, An Act to Amend the Clean
Air Act to provide for attainment and maintenance of health protective national ambient
air quality standards, and for other purposes

SUGGESTED READING

Faith, W. L., and Atkission, A. A., "Air Pollution," 2nd ed. Wiley, New York, 1972.
"U.S. Interagency Team Proposes Program to Quantify Effects of Kuwait Oil Fires," /. Air
Waste Management Assoc. 41,(6), June 1991.
Wark, K., and Warner, C. P., "Air Pollution: Its Origin and Control." IEPA, Dun-Donnelley,
New York, 1976.
"Wood Heating and Air Quality," 1981 Annual Report, Oregon Department of Environmental
Quality, June 1982.

QUESTIONS

1. Calculate the heat generated by dissociation and formation as one molecular weight of
methane, CH 4, burns to carbon dioxide and water. How does this heating value compare
to the tabular heating value for methane?
2. Many control districts have banned the use of private backyard incinerators. Would you
expect a noticeable increase in air quality as a result of this action?
3. Show a free radical reaction which results in ethane in the effluent of a combustion process
burning pure methane with pure oxygen.
4. A power plant burns oil that is 4% ash and 3% sulfur. At 50% excess air, what particulate
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(mg/m ) would you expect?
5. Many control districts have very tight controls over petroleum refineries. Suppose these
refineries produce 100 million liters of products per day and required air pollution control
devices to recover all of the 2% which was previously lost. What are the savings in dollars
per year at an average product cost of 10 cents per liter? How does this compare to the
estimate that the refineries spent $400 million for control equipment over a 10-year period?
6. Suppose a 40,000-liter gasoline tank is filled with liquid gasoline with an average vapor
pressure of 20 mm Hg. At 50% saturation, what weight of gasoline would escape to the
atmosphere during filling?
7. If a major freeway with four lanes of traffic in one direction passes four cars per second
at 100 km per hour during the rush period, and each car carries two people, how often
would a commuter train of five cars carrying 100 passengers per car have to be operated
to handle the same load? Assume the train would also operate at 100 km per hour.
8. An automobile traveling 50 km per hour emits 0.1% CO from the exhaust. If the exhaust
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rate is 80 m per minute, what is the CO emission in grams per kilometer?
9. List the following in increasing amounts from the exhaust of an idling automobile: O 2,
NOj, SO X, N 2, unburned hydrocarbons, CO 2, and CO.