Page 300 - Fundamentals of Gas Shale Reservoirs
P. 300
280 A REVIEW OF THE CRITICAL ISSUES SURROUNDING
12.8 FINAL REMARKS Campos MD, Akkutlu IY, Sigal RF. A molecular dynamics study on
natural gas solubility enhancement in water confined to small
This chapter presented an overview of the critical issues that pores. SPE 124491 presented at the SPE Annual Technical
need to be considered in proper simulation of storage and Conference and Exhibition, New Orleans, LA, USA; 2009.
transport processes in organic shale reservoirs. The out Campos MD, Akkutlu IY, Sigal RF. Methane Solubility
standing features of shale reservoir formations and fluid Enhancement in Water Confined to Nanoscale Pores. In:
behavior in their pore structure have been delineated. Sushanta KM, Suman C, editors. Microfluidics and Nanofluidics
Modification of the fluid and transport properties in Handbook: Fabrication, Implementation, and Applications.
New York: CRC Press; 2011.
extremely tight porous shale systems containing organic and
inorganic constituents and having intricately complicated Cho S, Civan F, Starling K. A correlation to predict maximum con
densation for retrograde condensation fluids and its use in
pore structure has been discussed. The recent advancements pressure‐depletion calculation. SPE 14268, SPE Proceedings 60th
made in modeling of the relevant processes have been Annual Tech. Conf. and Exhibition, Las Vegas, NV, USA; 1985.
addressed and the areas needing further work have been Civan F. Waterflooding of naturally fractured reservoirs‐ an effi
emphasized. Upscaling of fine continuum model of shale to cient simulation approach, proceedings. Paper SPE 25449‐MS,
a lumped‐parameter leaky tank model and coarse continuum Proceedings of the SPE Production Operations Symposium,
model of shale have been developed and implemented for Oklahoma City, OK, USA; 1993. pp 395–407.
applications providing convenience in large‐scale reservoir Civan F. Quadrature solution for waterflooding of naturally frac
simulation. tured reservoirs. SPE Reserv Eval Eng 1998;1 (2):141–147.
Civan F. Leaky‐tank reservoir model including the NonDarcy effect.
J Pet Sci Eng 2000;28 (3):87–93.
REFERENCES Civan F. Scale effect on porosity and permeability‐ kinetics, model,
and correlation. AIChE J 2001;47 (2):271–287.
Alfred D, Vernik L. A new petrophysical model for organic shales. Civan F. Relating permeability to pore connectivity using a power‐
Petrophysics 2013 June;54 (3):240–247. law flow unit equation. Petrophysics 2002a;43 (6):457–476.
Ambrose RJ, Hartman RC, Campos MD, Akkutlu IY, Sondergeld C. Civan F. A triple‐mechanism fractal model with hydraulic disper
New pore‐scale considerations for shale gas in place calculations. sion for gas permeation in tight reservoirs. Paper 74368 pre
Paper SPE 131772‐MS presented at the SPE Unconventional sented at the SPE International Petroleum Conference and
Gas Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; 2010 Feb 23. DOI: Exhibition in Mexico, Villahermosa, Mexico; 2002b.
10.2118/131772‐MS. Civan F. Effective correlation of apparent gas permeability in tight
Andrade J, Civan F, Devegowda D, Sigal RF. Accurate simulation porous media. Transport Porous Med 2010a;82 (2):375–384.
of shale‐gas reservoirs. Paper SPE 35564‐PP, the SPE Annual Civan F. A review of approaches for describing gas transfer
Technical Conference and Exhibition Florence, Italy; 2010 Sept through extremely tight porous media. Porous Media and Its
19–22. Applications in Science, Engineering, and Industry, Vafai K.
Andrade J, Civan F, Devegowda D, Sigal RF. Design requirements (editor). Proceedings of the Third ECI International Conference
for a shale gas reservoir simulator and an examination of how on Porous Media and its Applications in Science, Engineering
the requirements compare to designs of current shale gas simu and Industry; 2010 June 20–25, Montecatini Terme, Italy;
lators. Paper SPE‐144401, the SPE Americas Unconventional 2010b. pp 53–58.
Gas Conference, The Woodlands, TX; 2011 June 14–16. Civan F. Porous Media Transport Phenomena. Hoboken, NJ: John
Baled H, Enick RM, Wu Y, McHugh MA, Burgess W, Tapriyal D, Wiley & Sons; 2011. p 463. ISBN: 978‐0‐470‐64995‐4.
Morreale BD. Prediction of hydrocarbon densities at extreme Civan F. Temperature dependency of dynamic coefficient for non
conditions using volume‐translated SRK and PR equations of equilibrium capillary pressure‐saturation relationship. R&D
state fit to high temperature and high pressure PVT data. Fluid note, AIChE J 2012;58 (7):2282–2285. DOI: 10.1002/aic.13817.
Phase Equilib 2012;317:65–76. Civan F. Modeling gas flow through hydraulically‐fractured shale‐
Barenblatt GI, Patzek TW, Silin DB. 2003. The mathematical model gas reservoirs involving molecular‐to‐inertial transport regimes
of nonequilibrium effects in water‐oil displacement. SPE J and threshold‐pressure gradient. Paper SPE‐166324‐MS, the
2003;8(4):409–416. SPE 87329‐PA. DOI: 10.2118/87329‐PA. 2013 SPE Annual Technical Conference & Exhibition; 2013
Bergman DF, Sutton RP. 2007. A consistent and accurate dead‐oil‐ Sept 30–Oct 2; New Orleans, LA, USA.
viscosity method. Paper SPE 110194 presented at the SPE Civan F, Rasmussen ML. Asymptotic analytical solutions for imbi
Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Anaheim, CA, bition waterfloods in fractured reservoirs. SPE J 2001;6 (2):
USA; 2007 Nov 11–14. 171–181.
Beskok A, Karniadakis GE. A model for flows in channels, pipes, Civan F, Devegowda D, Sigal RF. Theoretical fundamentals, criti
and ducts at micro and nano scales. Microscale Thermophys cal issues, and adequate formulation of effective shale gas and
Eng 1999;3 (1):43–77. condensate reservoir simulation. Porous Media and Its
Bird RB, Stewart WE, Lightfoot EN. Transport Phenomena. New Applications in Science, Engineering, and Industry, Vafai K.
York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2007. (editor). Proceedings (CD) of the 4th International Conference