Page 197 - Fundamentals of Magnetic Thermonuclear Reactor Design

Chapter 6

Vacuum and Tritium System

Georgij L. Saksagansky*, Boris N. Kolbasov**
*JSC D.V. Efremov Scientific Research Institute of Electrophysical Apparatus, Saint
Petersburg, Russia; **National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia

Chapter Outline
6.1 Introduction 179 6.6.1 Vacuum System
6.2 Physical Processes Key Components 195
in the Vacuum Chamber 181 6.6.2 Vacuum Boundary
6.3 Plasma Impact on the of Reactor 195
First Wall 184 6.6.3 Vacuum Pumping
6.4 Plasma Impurity Control 187 Duct Design 197
6.4.1 Sources of Impurities 187 6.6.4 Wall Cleaning and
6.4.2 Impurity Control Conditioning 199
Methods: The 6.6.5 Vacuum Pumping
Magnetic Divertor 188 Equipment 201
6.5 Design Evaluation of 6.7 Mathematical Simulation
Vacuum Parameters 192 of High-Vacuum Systems 204
6.6 Vacuum Equipment References 208
and Processes 195

6.1 INTRODUCTION

The vacuum and tritium system (VTS) is the functional ‘centre’ of a fusion
reactor. In this system, the fuel mix is prepared and the conditions necessary
for a discharge initiation, as well as plasma generation, heating and burning are
established. It is also where the first safety barrier is located.
The VTS is comprised of the following:
l A vacuum system (VS), including the vacuum chamber, the equipment for
establishing and maintaining a rarefied gaseous environment with a back-
−5
ground pressure of ∼10 Pa.
l A tritium circuit containing various technological equipment for hydrogen
isotopes storage, purification, separation and controlled delivery of gaseous
and solid fuel to the chamber, as well as enabling tritium closed-loop circu-
lation and radioactive waste removal. The circuit also includes devices for
the extraction and purification of tritium generated in the blanket [1].
Fundamentals of Magnetic Thermonuclear Reactor Design. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102470-6.00006-8
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