Page 421 - Fundamentals of Magnetic Thermonuclear Reactor Design

Structural and Functional Materials Chapter | 13 399

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involving an around 7 × 10 % helium generation at 10 dpa; for those two
effects to arise, steel temperatures higher than 330°C and 550°C, respectively,
are necessary.
A high-strength ХМ-19–grade steel is used for some of the reactor’s struc-
tural components. It has a high plasticity (∼40% at 0.7 dpa) in a temperature
range of 200–300°C and a yield strength that is twice as high as that featured by
the 316L(N) IG–grade steel [16]. The XM-19–grade maximum tolerable radia-
tion load is around 1 dpa.
For ITER bolt fixtures, subject to extreme stiffness requirements, a high-
nickel Cu–Ni–Al alloy, characterised by a very low creep rate, is envisaged.
Its yield strength before irradiation is ∼600 MPa, and its maximum tolerable
radiation load is around 1 dpa at 200°C.
To sum it up, the following physical processes are of critical importance for
the MFR design from the radiation materials science prospective:

l for beryllium: swelling and helium-induced embrittlement;
l for tungsten: radiation-induced embrittlement in the temperatures range of
300–700°C;
l for copper alloys: radiation-induced embrittlement at temperatures close to
200°C.

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netic plasma confinement fusion facilities and reactors), Конструкционные материалы для
реакторов термоядерного синтеза (Structural Materials for Fusion Reactors), Nauka, Mos-
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