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P. 423

Chapter 14

Safety of Fusion Reactors

Mikhail V. Krivosheev*, Boris N. Kolbasov**
*JSC D.V. Efremov Scientific Research Institute of Electrophysical Apparatus, Saint Petersburg,
Russia; **National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia

Chapter Outline
14.1 Introducton 401 14.4.2 ITER Normal
14.2 Fusion Reactor as a Operation 415
Radiation Safety Object 402 14.4.3 ITER Safety Analysis
14.3 Philosophy of the Magnetic for Normal and
Fusion Reactor Safe Off-Normal
Operation 405 Situations 419
14.3.1 Basic Concepts 405 14.4.4 Conclusions 421
14.3.2 Radiation 14.5 Safety of Demonstration
Protection Principles 407 and Commercial Reactors 422
14.3.3 Radiation Safety Appendix A.14.1 Definitions,
Functions 408 Limits and Criteria 424
14.3.4 Radioactive Appendix A.14.2 Reference
Waste, Reactor Events Considered in the
Decommissioning 412 ITER Safety Analysis 427
14.4 ITER Design Solutions for Appendix A.14.3 Computer Codes
Radiation Safety 414 Used in ITER Safety Analysis 428
14.4.1 Design Principles for References 430
ITER Radiation Safety 414

14.1 INTRODUCTON
There are hardly any industries and production methods in the global economy,
which cause absolutely no harm to the environment and the health of the op-
erating staff and the public. One of the primary challenges in developing new
production equipment is to provide protection against adverse and damaging
factors. The costs of any technical and technological innovation can only be
justified if innovation provides economic benefits without raising the level of
adverse health and environment impacts. Any technology advancement must
include the benefit–risk trade-off, where ‘risk’ is meant as the product of prob-
ability of any accident/emergency times some equivalent of its adverse effects.

418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428