Page 916 - Fundamentals of Water Treatment Unit Processes : Physical, Chemical, and Biological

Index

A specific substrate utilization rate (U), 735 rational design, 479–481
volumetric loading, 735 reactor theory for packed beds, 473–479
Abrasion number, 460, 499
Absolute temperature, 815, 831 Activation, 501 reaction, 466, 502
Adenosine 5 di-phosphate (ADP), 707 Adsorption zone, 502
0
Absorbance, 627, 635
0
Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA), 707 Adenosine 5 -triphosphate (ATP), 708 Advanced oxidation processes (AOP), 656
Adiabatic compression, 806–807, 815 Advanced Water Treatment Research (AWTR)
Actinometry, 635
Activated alumina, 459, 499, 519–520, 532 Adsorbates program, 464, 502, 656
assess competitive effects of, 484 Advection
Activated carbon; see also Granular activated
carbon; Powdered activated carbon definition, 457, 501 definition, 501
natural organic matter, 464 kinetics model, 475
as adsorbent, 458
characteristics of organic compounds, 463–464 kinetics model delineation, 475–476
Adsorbents probability coefficient, 476
hydraulics of packed beds, 462
index numbers, 460 activated alumina, 459 Aerated grit chambers
activated carbon compressor power, 159
internal structure, 460–461
microscopic structure, 462 characteristics of granular, 459–463 definition, 159
internal pore structure of, 460–461 empirical guidelines, 158
physical properties, 459–460
manufacturing of, 459 performance estimation, 158
pore size, 462
definition, 457, 499 properties of, 460 practice
shipping data, 463 blower power, 156–157
manufacturing of, 459
shipping data, 463 sources of, 459 design criteria, 154–156
aluminum hydroxide floc, 459 header pipe, pressure, 156
sources of, 459
Activated sludge treatment kinds of, 458–459 principles, 150
soil minerals and organic carbon, 459 rational guidelines, 158
bulking sludge, 738–739
cell production rate, 735 synthetic resins, 458–459 theory
Adsorption calculations algorithm, 152–154
cell synthesis, 724
cell-wasting rate, 735–736, 749 adsorbates empirical guidelines, 151
natural organic matter, 464 grit removal calculation, 150–151
detention time, 734
diffused-air aeration, 722–723 organic compounds, 463–464 length and n determination,
adsorbents 151–152
dynamic model, 734
activated carbon, manufacturing spiral length, DL calculation, 151
empirical observation, 724
of, 459 volume installation and calculation, 159
enzyme kinetics, 724
characteristics of GAC, 459–463 Aerated lagoon, 729–730
food-to-microorganism (F=M) ratio, 734–735
growth kinetics, 725 kinds of, 458–459 Aerobes
shipping data, 463 bacteria, 707
IWA model, 725
materials balance, 726 sources of activated carbon, 459 reaction, 707
applications of, 464 Air
mathematical model, 724
methane fermentation kinetics, 724 in cake filtration, 433 binding, 408, 418
cost of, 496–497 bump, 451
microbial cultivation, 721
microorganisms, chemical formula, 724 definitions, 451, 457–458 composition, 776
design properties, 777
modern theory, 725
numerical modeling, 732–733 chemical reduction, 490–492 stripping
contamination sources, 490, 492 bubble gas-transfer theory, 582
finite-difference and differential, 733
International Water Association (IWA), protocol, 489–490 case study, 597–599
pump and treat, 492–494 definition, 603
733
taste-and-odor control, 490 history, 573
nutrients, 725
oxygen tertiary treatment, 494–496 Air-to-water ratio, 603
variables, 486–489 Air–water backwash system, 369–370
absorption, 724
requirement, 736–737 history of, 464–465 Alum
laboratory and pilot plant studies liquid, 839–844
oxygen transfer, 572
parameter, design, 735 backwash velocity, 484 manufacturer, 833–834
breakthrough curve, 484 polymer of, 846
performance, 723
process, 707 competitive effects, 484 solid, 833–837
demonstration-scale plants, 484–486 water treatment
process variation, 737
reactor analysis fabrication, 484 diluting alum, 844
HLR calculation, 484 flow measurement, 845
aerated lagoon, 729–730
conventional, 727–729, 749 isotherm determination, 483 mass flow calculations, 845
wave front determination, 483–484 Alumina, 459, 502, 519–520, 532
extended aeration, 729
materials balance, 726–727 operation characteristics, 496 Aluminum hydroxide, 459, 502, 532–533
performance measures of, 458 Ambient water particles, coagulation
plug-flow reactor, 730–732
process description, 458 characteristics
reactor theory, 725
recirculation rate, 716 process theory of colloids, 192
equilibrium, 466–471 counting technology and turbidity,
sewage oxidation, 721
sludge age (u c ), 725, 735 kinetics, 471–473 194
limitations of, 481–483 microscopic particles, 192–194
871