Page 919 - Fundamentals of Water Treatment Unit Processes : Physical, Chemical, and Biological

874 Index

packed beds, 588 Deionization, 513 Dispersion
steady state, 587 Demineralization, 533–534 definition, 831–832
Comminutor, 82–83, 92 Denaturization, 710 mathematics of, 60–62
Competitive adsorption, 469, 483, 502 Denitrification, 689–690, 710, 751 mechanism, 74
Complete-mix reactors Denver Marston water treatment plant, 92 Dissolved air flotation (DAF); see also Dissolved
definiton, 285, 457 Denver potable water reuse plant, 53 gases; Flotation
fluidized, 63 Denver reuse demonstration plant, 10, 53 components, 183
residence times calculation, 265 Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), 711 contact zone
residual concentrations, 264 Depth filtration bubble–particle, 172, 186
Composite membrane, 543–544, 565 attachment coefficient and role of biofilm, floc–bubble transport and attachment,
Compound interest, 784 400–401 171–172
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), 114, 794 clean sand bed removals, 401 parameter values, 172
Concentrate flow, 566 definition of, 386, 566 transport coefficient, 187
Constant flow stirred tank reactor, 285 interstitial flow, 400 definition, 186
Contact time, 502 Desorption, 503 gas saturation, 186
Contaminants Detritus, 400, 419, 636 gas transfer
ammonia, 683 Dewatering, 419 Henry’s law, 164–166
categorization, 28–30 Dialysis, 556, 566 hydraulic grade line (HGL), 167–168
definition, 21 Diatomaceous earth, 419, 425, 428, 452, 711 saturator, 166–167
nitrogen, 683 Diatomite filtration, see Cake filtration materials balance
nutrients, 683 Diffused aeration and elevation, 185
organic carbon coefficient determination, 590–591 flotation basin, 178
characterization, 35–37 definition, 604 and recycle ratio, 185
classification, 35 equipment for spreadsheet calculations, 179–180
disinfectant selection, 40 calculation of gas density, 594–595 and temperature, 185
humification, 35 coarse-bubble aeration, 596 precipitation of
secondary effluents, 39 fine-pore aeration, 596–597 bubbles, 168–170
structural formulae, 37–38 oxygen transfer efficiency, 594 condition, 184
synthetic, 37 working equation, derivation of, 580–582 nozzle design, 170
organisms, 683 Diffusion separation zone
synthetic organics, 683 Brownian motion, 59 bubble, rise velocity, 172
and water uses, 31 Fick’s law applicability, 60–61 concentration expressions, 174–178
Continuous-flow complete-mix reactor, 583–584 frontal wave, 61–62 particle–bubble ratio, 174, 184, 186
Continuous-flow reactor, 458, 502 random walk, 60 particle–bubble, rise velocity, 172–174
Conversion factor (g c ), 768–769 turbulence, 59 synopsis, 163–164
Copolymer, 516, 533 Dimensionless numbers, 847–850 Dissolved gases; see also Dissolved
Coprecipitation, definition of, 673 Diphosphopyridine nucleotine (DPN), 711 air flotation (DAF)
Correlation, 787 Dirty layer, see Schmutzdecke air binding, 868
Cost indexes Disinfection atmospheric pressure vs elevation, 853–854
caveats, 787–788 definition, 607–608, 637 boiling water, 867
ENR 20-city CCI, 20-city BCI, 788–789 fundamentals, 607 bubbles, primary clarifier, 868
kinds, 788 history Dalton’s law, 852–853
Counterions, 511, 521, 533 bromine, 612 gas precipitation
Critical coagulant concentration (CCC), 230 chlorine, 607–610 alternative criteria, 866–867
Cross-flow membrane element, 551–552 chlorine dioxide, 611 benthic mud’s, 867–868
Cross-flow velocity, 559 iodine, 612 chemical potential, 865–866
Cross-linked resins, 516, 533 ozone, 610–611 in-a-nutshell, 865
Cryptosporidium parvum, inactivation silver, 612 gas solubility, Henry’s law, 854–865
by chlorine, 418, 614, 636 ultraviolet radiation, 611–612 ideal gas law, 851–852
by ozone, 622 operation of stating pressure, conventions, 851
by UV, 612, 624–626, 633 chlorine, 633 water bubbles, 867
Crystal lattice, 673 ozone, 633–634 water vapor, 854
Cyanide precipitation, 672 ultraviolet lamps, 634 Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 40, 231
Cyst, 710 reactor design DNA, see Deoxyribonucleic acid
chlorine dioxides, 631 Double layer theory, coagulation
D chlorine disinfection system, 629–630 DLVO theory, 201–202, 226, 231
hypochlorite, 630 electrostatic potentials, 201
DAF flotation, see Dissolved air flotation (DAF) ozone system, 630–631 Gouy–Chapman model and fixed layer, 200
Dalton, 549, 566 UV, 631–633 potential barrier, 226, 234
Dalton’s law, 852–853 residual issue, 623 solution’s ionic strength effects, 200–201
Darcy’s law theory surface charge, 200
application, 827 application of Chick–Watson relation, Dowex 50, 467–468, 503
cake filtration, 434 614–617 Drinking water treatment
definition, 831 chloramines, 622 gas dissolution, 241
filter media, 821–822 chlorine chemistry, 617–621 initial mixing, 240–241
headloss calculation, 401–403 chlorine dioxide, 622–624 Drum screens, 83–84
Darcy-Weisbach equation, fluid mechanics, 815 inactivation, 613–614
Dead zone, sedimentation, 130 ozone chemistry, 622 E
Declining-rate filtration, 386 ultraviolet radiation, 624–628
Defense Advance Research Project Agency Disinfection by-product (DBP), 231, 610, 636 Eductor, 503, 637
(DARPA), 656 Disk screens, 83–84 Elbow assembly rapid mix, 283