Page 917 - Fundamentals of Water Treatment Unit Processes : Physical, Chemical, and Biological

872 Index

natural organic matter (NOM) and color, definition, 385 biofilm reactors
194, 230, 232–233 floc-to-grain bonding, 375 biofilms, 739
total organic carbon (TOC), 194, 234 mudballs and surface cracks, 375, 389 mathematical modelling, 751–754
turbidity and particle counts, 194 operating protocol, 375 trickling-filter model, 739–741
varieties, 192 principles, 360–361 bio-filter, 750
American filter, 385 surface-wash, 368–369 classification, 722
American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM), types, 361–362 denitrification, 751
765 under-drain system, 363–365 parameters, 748–749
Amine, 533 volume, 362–363 primary sludge, 751
Ammonification, 689, 707 water troughs, 363 treatment equations, 749
Amorphous solid, definition of, 672 Bacterial cell composition, 708–709 Biological treatment system
Amphoteric exchanger, 511, 533 Baffles activated sludge, 707
Anabolism, 685–686, 707 end-around flocculation basins, ADP and ATP, 707–708
Anaerobes 317, 323 anaerobic reaction, 690–691, 708
definition, 707 flow variation, 317–319 anoxic reaction, 708
methanogenic fluidized-bed process, 707–708 optimization, CFD, 319 Arrhenius equation, 697, 708
reaction, 708 tapered flocculation, 317 attached growth reactor, 708
Anaerobic reactor Bar screen autotrophic reaction, 689–690
digester, 751 cleaning, 80, 92 biological nutrient removal (BNR), 707
environmental conditions, 746 half-clogged, 92 BOD, 681, 709
fermentation reaction, 743–744 hydraulic design, 81–82 cell composition, 688
gas recirculation, 746, 752 manually cleaned, 80 cell metabolism
high-rate digestion, 742–743 openings, 79–80 anabolism, 685–686, 707
influences on reaction velocity, 744–745 size selection, 80–81 catabolism, 684–685, 709–710
materials balance, 746 spreadsheet for, 92 cell division, 686
methane fermentation, 743 Basins, sedimentation, see Settling basins enthalpy, 687
Monod kinetics, 744 Batch reactor free energy, 686
operation and monitoring, 747–748 aeration, 584–585 photosynthesis, 686
organic solids stream, 741 definition, 458, 502 cell-yield (Y ), 710
reactor volume, 750–751 kinetic data, 786 calculation, 692–693, 703–704
separate sludge digestion, 741–742 kinetics, 468 cell mass, 694
single-stage digesters, 742 Bed fluidization, backwash system, 365–368 cell mass rate, 694–695
sludge thickening, effect, 747, 750 Bed volumes, 458, 502 COD calculation, 704
solids-retention time (SRT), 747 Beer–Lambert law, 627 endogenous respiration, 693–694,
standard-rate digesters, 742 Bellingham pilot plant, 375 704, 711
temperature effect, 745 Bench scale filters, coagulation, 217–218 maintenance, 693
Anheuser-Busch brewery, 12 Benzene ring, 517, 533 microbial growth curve, 694, 713
Anion, 533 Bernoulli equation net yield, 694
Anisotropic turbulence, 324 compressible fluid fow, 801–803 substrate oxidations, 696
Anisotropy, 565 orifice flow, 802 chemoorganotrophic reaction, 688–689
Anti-scalant, 565 submerged flow, 802 classification, 680–681
Apparent density, 460, 488, 502 fluid mechanics, 803–804 filamentous organisms, 712
Appurtenances, 395 Best-fit equation, semi-log plot, 785 geosmin, 712
Archaea, biological treatment system, 708 BET isotherm, 462, 502 half-reaction methods, 691–692
Aromatic compounds, 463, 502 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) heterotrophic reaction, 689
Arrhenius equation, 603 definition, 709 kinetics
Asbestiform fibers, 432, 451 nomenclature, 681 activated sludge, 698
Asymmetric membranes, 548, 553–544, 565 organic carbon, 35 active site, 707
Atmospheric pressure and density, 776 Biofilm reactors Andrews=Haldane model, 697–698
Atomic weights, standard, 773–774 biofilm, definition, 74 constants evaluation, 697
Attached growth reactor, 708; see also Rotating empirical equation, 739 conversion F=M to U, 700
biological contactor (RBC) finite-difference form, 753 data, 699
Attachment coefficient, 400–401, 418 infinitesimal element, 752 denitrification, 702
Autotrophs, 681, 708; see also Chemoautotroph kinetics, 752 food-to-microorganism (F=M) ratio,
Available chlorine, 618, 635 lumping coefficients, 753–754 700, 712
AWTR, see Advanced Water Treatment Research materials balance, 752 half-saturation constant, 695
m
Program nutrients transport, 739 minimum cell regeneration time (u ),
c
packed-bed, model, 753 701
B specific area estimation, 752–753 Monod kinetics, 695, 701, 714
structure, 739 net specific growth rate, 696–697
Backfilling, 407–408, 418 trickling-filter, 740–741 nitrification, 701–702
Back-mix reactor Bioflocculation, 304–305, 324 phosphorous uptake, 702–703
alum–particle reactions, 281 Biological filter, see Slow sand filter sludge age (u c ), 701
blending, circulation criterion, 262–264 Biological floc, 291, 321–322 substrate utilization rate (U), 698–700
definition, 284 Biologically mature sand bed, 395, 418 temperature effect, 697
Backwash system Biological nutrient removal (BNR), 707 Lawrence experiment station, 679, 680
air-wash, 369 Biological reactor; see also Biological treatment Michaelis–Menten equation, 705–707
air–water backwash, 369–370 system mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), 705
bed fluidization, 365–368 activated sludge (see Activated sludge mixed liquor volatile suspended solids
cleaning method, 375 treatment) (MLVSS), 705
collapse pulsing, 370–371 anaerobic reactor, 741–748, 750 protein molecule, 704–705