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References 237

• The same heuristics is used to detect CGM spikes.
• If the time interval between two BG references is too close (e.g., absolute
difference below 5 min), it is likely that the first reference measurement have
been considered “abnormal” by the study personnel and repeated a second time.
Therefore the algorithm asks the operator which sample should be trusted.
Data preprocessing could be further improved exploiting more refined fault
detection techniques, such as Ref. [30], that rely on CGM and BG reference signal
only or exploiting also other signals collected during the trial such as insulin infusion
[31] and carbohydrates ingestion [32] or physical activity.

Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the EU project ICT FP7-247138 “Bringing the Artificial Pancreas
at Home (AP@home)” (Funding Agency: European Union’s Research and Innovation funding
programme, FP7 initiative: FP7-ICT-2007-2) and by the Italian SIR project RBSI14JYM2
“Learning Patient-Specific Models for an Adaptive, Fault-Tolerant Artificial Pancreas (Lear-
n4AP)” (Funding agency: MIUR, Italian Ministry of Education, Universities and Research;
initiative: SIRdScientific Independence of young Researchers).

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