Page 147 - Handbook of Adhesion Promoters

140 Selection of Adhesion Promoters for Different

Figure 8.2. Schematic diagram of compositions of lignin-extended ABS resins and their fiber-reinforced compos-
ites created from a blend modified with poly(ethylene oxide). [Adapted, by permission, from Akato, K;
Tran, CD; Chen, J; Naskar, AK, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 3, 3070-6, 2015.]

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interface between copper and ABS. This increased concentration is caused by the close
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contact with copper which facilitates oxidation of ABS.
Surface etching of ABS to increase its adhesion to copper is one of the popular pro-
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cesses in which chromic acid and palladium catalyst are used. This process can be made
more environmentally friendly when etching with H SO -MnO colloid, resulting in
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2
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rough surface and formation of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups. Similar process was used
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for preparation of surface of PC/ABS blend for electroless copper deposition.
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ABS was blended with lignin at different concentrations. Blends with 10 wt%
poly(ethylene oxide) (relative to lignin) were also prepared to achieve (PEO)-mediated
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macromolecular self-assembly. The tensile strength improved slightly at low lignin con-
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tent but diminished rapidly when the lignin content was increased. But, PEO was acting
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as an interfacial adhesion promoter. Incorporation of carbon fiber (20 wt%) further
increased the performance of composites all this possible due to adhesion promotion, spa-
tial organization, and morphological structure development (Figure 8.2).
REFERENCES
1 Kisin, S; Scaltro, F; Malanowski, P; van der Varst, PGT; de With, G, Polym. Deg. Stab., 92, 4, 605-10,
2007.
2 Xu, W; Zhuang, M; Cheng, Z, Rare Metal Mater. Eng., 45, 7, 1709-13, 2016.
3 Ma, Q; Zhao, W; Li, X; Li, L; Wang, Z, Int. J. Adh. Adh., 44, 243-9, 2013.
4 Akato, K; Tran, CD; Chen, J; Naskar, AK, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 3, 3070-6, 2015.