Page 155 - Handbook of Adhesion Promoters

148 Selection of Adhesion Promoters for Different

The bifunctional amino alkyl phosphonate (4-amino-butyl-phosphonic acid) was
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used to provide the desired interfacial properties between metal and organic coating. The
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efficiency of an adhesion promoter was a function of pH. When the amine group was pro-
tonated at a pH=5.3, the molecule demonstrated attachment to carbon steel at both ends
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(no significant improvement in adhesion). At pH=8, the molecule had improved surface
packing density with the amine group outwards from the surface and an epoxy coating had
resistance to interfacial hydrolysis with overall improved adhesion and reduced cathodic
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disbondment rate.
Acrylic adhesion promoters having an improved property such as cohesive failure
are produced from a monocyclic anhydride of phosphonic acid containing multiple car-
10
boxylic acids that are subsequently reacted with a hydroxyalkyl methacrylate. The adhe-
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sion promoters are useful in bonding to metal substrates including oily metal substrates.
Durable UV-cured primer for coil coating contains photoinitiator moieties and adhe-
sion promoting moieties (e.g., 1-{2-[4-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionyl)phe-
noxy]ethyl}hydrogen 2-(3-triethoxysillylpropyl)succinate) in coating formulations for
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steel and aluminum.
A cerium salt is selected as an adhesion promoter for mixed-metal automotive bod-
ies-in-white to react with each metal in the body surfaces to form an oxide layer that pro-
vides corrosion resistance for the surface and adherence for the deposited polymeric paint
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coating. The body is cathodic in the electrocoat deposition.
The adhesion promoter for PVC plastisols contains a polyaminoamide and propylene
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glycol monophenyl ether (phenoxypropanol). The 1 wt% adhesion promoter is added
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based on the total weight of plastisol. The plastisols are widely used for protecting
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metallic surfaces from corrosion. In the automotive sector, plastisols are used for the
waterproofing, bonding, and sealing of seams and joints, and for protecting external sur-
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faces, such as underbodies.
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3 Adhami, S; Abel, M-L; Lowe, C; Watts, JF, Surf. Interface Anal., 44, 1054-8, 2012.
4 Lee, Y-I; Choa, Y-H; J. Mater. Chem., 22, 12517-22, 2012.
5 Fedel, M; Deflorian, F; Rossi, S, Corros. Rev., 29, 223-8, 2011.
6 Lakshmi, MS; Ashwaq, HHO; Reddy, BSR, Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng., 50, 266-75, 2011.
7 Matinlinna, JP; Lassila, LV; Vallittu, PK, Silicon, 1, 249-54, 2009.
8 Fang, Y; Li, B; Yu, J; Zhou, J; Xu, X; Shao, W; Liu, X, Surf. Sci., 615, 26-32, 2013.
9 Al-Khaldi, TA; Lyon, SB, Prog. Org. Coat., 75, 4, 449-55, 2012.
10 Abbey, KJ, WO2013173319, Lord Corporation, Nov. 21, 2013.
11 Galbo, JP; Dong, Y; Galan, DA; Sitzmann, EV, US8367743, BASF, Feb. 3, 2013.
12 Wang, Y-M; Kuo, H-H; O'Keefe, MJ; Maddela, S; O'Keefe, TJ, US8187439, GM Global Technology
Operations LLC, Curators Of The University Of Missouri, May 29, 2012.
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