Page 274 - Handbook of Biomechatronics

268 Georgios A. Bertos and Evangelos G. Papadopoulos

Fig. 19 Natively innervated and surgically reinnervated residual thigh muscles. Poste-
rior views of the anatomy of the upper thigh show natively innervated hamstring mus-
cles (Panel A) and nerve transfers performed during targeted muscle reinnervation
(TMR) surgery (panel B) in the residual limb. (From Hargrove, L.J., Simon, A.M., Young, A.J.,
Lipschutz, R.D., Finucane, S.B., Smith, D.G., Kuiken, T.A., 2013. Robotic leg control with EMG
decoding in an amputee with nerve transfers. N. Engl. J. Med. 369(13), 1237–1242. https://
doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1300126.)

was sewn over the motor area of the long head of the biceps femoris. After a
few months, the TMR was successful and the amputee could voluntarily
activate the motor areas that were reinnervated, leaving extra control sites
for prosthesis control, which were used together with prosthesis sensors
to a pattern recognition algorithm for controlling different states of prosthe-
sis (walking, ascending and descending the stairs, ramps, and reposition the
leg while seated).