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Infrared Spectroscopy                                                                      277



                             Figure 15.20 Chemical reactions of modified silica gel surfaces. (a) Before TiCl 4
                                                                                        reaction and (b) after TiCl 4
                             reaction. (Reprinted by permission from Spectroscopy, Vol. 9, No. 8 by J. P. Blitz and S. M. Augustine, © 1994 by
                             Advanstar Communications.)






































                                                 Maintenance        10% of purchase price per year
                                                 Supplies           <$
                                                 $=1 to 5K, $$=5 to 15K, $$$= 15 to 50K, $$$$=50 to 100K, $$$$$=>100K.

                                 The major factor affecting the cost of an IR spectrometer is its resolution. Resolution can range
                                      –1       –1                                           –1
                             from 16 cm  to 0.1 cm . The more expensive ($$$$), higher-resolution (0.1 cm ) instruments are used
                             to resolve the vibrational bands into their rotational components. These instruments are used in research
                             laboratories to obtain detailed structural information and physical constants for compounds. The lower-
                                                                 –1
                             priced ($$$), medium-resolution (4 to 2 cm ) instruments are adequate for most analyses described
                             here.



                 Vendors for Instruments and Accessories


                             Instruments
                                 Nicolet Instrument Corp.
                                 5225 Verona Rd.
                                 Madison, WI 53711-4495
                                 phone: 800-232-1472, 608-276-6100
                                 fax: 608-273-5046
                                 email: nicinfo@nicolet.com
                                 Internet: http://www.nicolet.com
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