Page 240 - Handbook of Materials Failure Analysis

236 CHAPTER 9 Reliability and failure analysis of wastewater systems

(%) 88 12 100 (%) 76 24 100
Σ Σ

Pushing (%) Seals 14 4 19 Pushing (%) Seals 4 7 11

(%)
Material Defect 1 0 1 Material (%) Defect 2 0 2

Mechanical (%) Damage 13 1 14

Conduits Failure Conduits Failure Mechanical (%) 7 2 9

Iron Valve Damage 1 0 1 Damage

Cast (%) Steel
for (%) for (%)
Damages Transverse Crack 36 3 40 Damages Longitudinal Crack 4 0 4

of of
Effects Longitudinal (%) 17 2 18 Effects

and Crack and Corrosion (%) 59 15 74
Types Types

of Corrosion (%) 7 1 8 of
Relations Relations disconnection pipe in

9.9 section disconnection disruption 9.10 section disruption

Table Effect Pipe Work pipe in Σ Table Effect Pipe Work Σ