Page 314 - Handbook of Materials Failure Analysis
P. 314
CHAPTER
A concise filtergram wear
particle atlas and some 13
case studies
William Liu
Industrial Services, SGS New Zealand Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
CHAPTER OUTLINE
1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 312
2 The Wear Particle Analysis Techniques ........................................................... 312
3 Rubbing Wear Particles .................................................................................. 314
4 Cutting Wear Particles .................................................................................... 315
5 Laminar Particles ........................................................................................... 316
Case 1: The Catastrophic Wear in a Race Car Gearbox ................................320
6 Fatigue Wear Particles .................................................................................... 321
Case 2: The Wind Turbine Gearbox Premature Failures ...............................324
7 Severe Sliding Wear Particles ......................................................................... 324
Case 3: The Seizure Failures of a Bulldozer Diesel Engine ..........................325
8 The Oxide Wear Particles ................................................................................ 326
Case 4: The Wear Particle with Multi-Oxide Scales from an Oil Sample
with High Moisture Content ......................................................................329
9 The Spherical Particles ................................................................................... 331
10 Copper Alloy Wear Particles ........................................................................... 331
Case 5: The Impending Catastrophic Wear in a Gearbox (250 Kw)
due to the Oil Starvation ..........................................................................334
11 Babbitt Alloy Wear Particles ........................................................................... 335
12 Oil Degradation Particles ................................................................................ 336
12.1 Friction Polymer .......................................................................... 337
12.2 Varnish Particles .......................................................................... 339
12.3 Additive Degradation Particles ...................................................... 340
12.4 Pseudo-Metal Wear Particles ......................................................... 342
12.5 Case Study 6: The Varnish Deposit and the Onset Damage on the
Bearing Pads of a 55 Mw Gas Turbine Load Gearbox ....................... 343
13 The Microorganism Debris .............................................................................. 345
14 Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 345
Acknowledgments .................................................................................................. 352
References ............................................................................................................ 352
Handbook of Materials Failure Analysis With Case Studies from the Chemicals, Concrete, and Power Industries. 311
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100116-5.00013-2
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