Page 482 - Handbook of Materials Failure Analysis

Index 481

red oxide film, 319, 320f Window opening-type hydrogen damage failure,
rolling element, paper mill, 317, 317f 53, 54f
straw-yellow color, 319, 320f Wind turbine gearbox premature failures
microorganism debris, 345, 350–351f large wear particles, 324, 327f
oil degradation micropitting and macropitting, 324, 326f
additives, 340–341, 346–347f WEC, 324, 326f
friction polymer, 337–339, 342–343f
oxidation, nitration, and thermal cracking, 336 Z
pseudo-metal wear particle, 342–343, Zircaloy-4 fuel-clad tubes
347–349f chemical composition, 163–164, 164t
varnish deposit issue, 55 Mw gas turbine, ring specimens, mechanical properties of
343–345, 349–350f 19-element fuel-bundle, picture of, 164–165,
varnish particles, 339–340, 344–346f 164f
oxide scales (see Oxide wear particle analysis) FE analysis, 3D model of, 165, 168
rubbing, 314, 315f inverse FE analysis, 165–168
severe sliding wear, 324–325, 328f load-displacement response, 165, 167f
spherical particles material stress-strain curve algorithm,
brass and bronze components, 331, 333f 165, 166f
oil samples, 331, 333f ring-tension test setup, 164–165, 165f
partial molten wear particle, 331, 333f true stress-strain curve, 165–168, 167f
varnish particles, 331, 334f tubular specimens, fracture experiment of
Welded structures. See Fatigue failure analysis conical mandrels, 168–169, 172–177
White etching cracks (WEC), 324, 326f semi-cylindrical mandrels, 169–172, 177–183