Page 229 - Handbook of Plastics Technologies

ELASTOMERS

ELASTOMERS 4.21

TABLE 4.4 Compilation of ASTM Tests Used for Elastomers (Continued)
ASTM
Standards
Property Test ASTM standard test method for: Volume
Resistance to outdoor D 750 Rubber deterioration in carbon-arc weather- 9.01
exposure ing apparatus
Deterioration by the D 1149 Rubber deterioration—surface ozone crack- 9.01
action of ozone ing in a chamber
Deterioration by the D 3395 Rubber deterioration—dynamic ozone 9.01
action of ozone cracking in a chamber
Low-temperature D 746 Brittleness temperature of plastics and elas- 9.02
properties tomers by impact
Low-temperature D 1053 Rubber property—stiffening at low tempera- 9.01
properties tures
Low-temperature D 1043 Stiffness properties of plastics as a function 9.02
properties of temperature by means of a torsion test
Low-temperature D 1329 Evaluating rubber property—retraction at 9.01
properties lower temperatures (TR test)

FIGURE 4.11 Entropic spring.

that the modulus of elasticity of a pure vulcanized gum (unfilled) rubber is proportional to
the absolute temperature. This suggested an analogy with the kinetic theory of gases, i.e.,
the ideal gas law:

nRT
P = ----------- (4.4)
V
where P is pressure, R the gas constant, T the absolute temperature, V the volume, and n
the number of moles of gas.

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