Page 192 - Handbook of Structural Steel Connection Design and Details

Welded Joint Design and Production

Welded Joint Design and Production 177

are 58- to 80-ksi tensile strength and a minimum of 36-ksi yield
strength. In general, A36 is weldable and is available in many
shapes and sizes. However, its strength is limited only by a mini-
mum value and could have yield strengths exceeding 50 ksi.
Therefore, preheat and low-hydrogen electrodes may be required.
ASTM A53: Covers seamless and welded black and hot-dipped gal-
vanized steel pipe. Strength requirements range from 25- to 35-ksi
minimum yield and 45- to 60-ksi minimum tensile for three types
and two grades. While maximum carbon levels are between 0.25 and
0.30%, pipe is typically manufactured by electric-resistance welding
and submerged arc welding. A53 may require low-hydrogen process
controls and preheat, especially when the carbon levels are close to
the maximum allowed.
ASTM A441: Covers the intermediate-manganese HSLA steels that
are readily weldable with proper procedures. The specification calls
for additions of vanadium and a lower manganese content (1.25%
maximum) than ASTM A440, which is generally not weldable due to
its high carbon and manganese leads. Minimum mechanical proper-
ties vary from 42- to 50-ksi yield to 63- to 70-ksi tensile. Atmospheric
corrosion resistance of this steel is approximately twice that of struc-
tural carbon steel, while it has superior toughness at low tempera-
tures. Only shapes, plates, and bars are covered by the specification,
but weldable sheets and strip can be supplied by some producers
with approximately the same minimum mechanical properties.
ASTM A500: Covers cold-formed welded and seamless carbon
steel round, square, rectangular, or special-shape structural tubing
for welded, riveted, or bolted construction of bridges and buildings
and for general structural purposes, and is commonly used in the
United States. This tubing is produced in both seamless and welded
sizes with a maximum periphery of 64 in and a maximum wall
thickness of 0.625 in. Minimum strength properties range from
33-ksi yield and 45-ksi tensile for grade A to 46-ksi yield and 62-ksi
tensile for grade C.
ASTM A501: Covers hot-formed welded and seamless carbon steel
square, round, rectangular, or special-shape structural tubing for
welded, riveted, or bolted construction of bridges and buildings and
for general structural purposes, and is commonly used in Canada.
Square and rectangular tubing may be furnished in sizes from 1 to
10 in across flat sides and wall thicknesses from 0.095 to 1.00 in.
Minimum strength requirements are 36-ksi yield and 58-ksi tensile.
ASTM A514: Covers quenched and tempered alloy steel plates of
structural quality in thicknesses of 6 in and under intended pri-
marily for use in welded bridges and other structures. Strength

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