Page 178 - Hybrid-Renewable Energy Systems in Microgrids

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applications. Limited installations in grid applications seen.
Low energy density and high parasitic losses, high discharge
operating costs, lower energy density and high discharge
rate, and power consumption for maintaining coil at low
temp. causes high overall cost. For short-cyclic periods
self-discharge, not suitable for AC and high frequency
Environmentally safe but have low voltage/cell, high
only, have stability issues. Still in research.
rate. Grid applications viable.
Ancillary Comments services Negligible self-discharge, low power, bulky, hazardous components, in small scale applications (<0.5 MWh). Modular, scalable, high energy density, power capacity. But ✓ high discharge rate with less η. Rapidly finding applications in grid and automative applications. Scalable, hig
Power quality improvement ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
ESS and applications (cont.) Arbitrage Short-term Unit and peak commitment shaving ✓ ✓ ✓

Table 8.2 power supply ESS ✓ ZBB ✓ HESS ✓ FESS ✓ SMES SCES