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Appendix Five 325

Table A5.3 Volume-weighted mean concentrations of trace A5.3 REFERENCES
elements in rain water from various sites in and around the central Berner, E.K. & Berner, R.A. (1987) The Global Water Cycle:
southern North Sea. Source: Kane et al. (1994). geochemistry and environment. Prentice Hall, Englewood
Cliffs, New Jersey, 62–70.
−1
Element Concentration (mgL )
Cornell, S.E. (1996) Dissolved Organic Nitrogen in Rain-
water. PhD Thesis, University of East Anglia, Norwich,
Pellworm Island, Mannington, North Sea
Germany Norfolk, UK 134–138.
Goldberg, E.D. (1963) The oceans as a chemical system. In:
Fe 88 17 31 The Sea. Ideas and Observations on progress in the study of
Mn 3.8 2.7 3.6 the sea. Vol. 2. The Composition of Sea-water; comparative
Cu 2.3 4.0 1.0 and descriptive oceanography (ed. M.N. Hill). Wiley-
Zn 13 2.9 7.6 Interscience, New York, 3–25.
Pb 4.0 4.1 3.5 Kane, M.M., Rendell, A.R. & Jickells, T.D. (1994)
Cd 0.7 0.25 0.08 Atmospheric scavenging processes over the North Sea.
Na – 1200 82,100 Atmospheric Environment 28, 2523–2530.
Ca 388 126 3396 Krauskopf, K.B. & Bird, D.K. (1995) Introduction to Geo-
NO − 3 – 1240 3236
SO 4 2− – 2790* 3273† chemistry, 3rd edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, 309–317.
NH + 4 – 4070 668 Li, Y.-H. (1991) Distribution patterns of the elements in the
ocean: a synthesis. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 55,
2−
* Predominantly non-sea-salt SO . 3223–3240.
4
2−
† Non-sea-salt SO .
4