Page 236 - Industrial Wastewater Treatment, Recycling and Reuse

210 Industrial Wastewater Treatment, Recycling, and Reuse

treated using biological methods; they even cause difficulty in effectively
being degraded using advanced oxidation processes and have to be destroyed
using an incineration process. Most of wastewaters usually need treatment
technologies ranging from biological to incineration, and many times a
combination of different treatments.
Possible strategies for implementing AOP are briefly outlined in the fol-
lowing sections.

4.7.1 Advanced Oxidation Process as an End-of Pipe Solution

Conventional wastewater treatment offers limited options regarding postbiolo-
gicaltreatment.Thereisavacuumintermsoftechnologicaloptionsformeeting
ultimate discharge and reuse norms postbiological treatment. Advanced oxida-
tion processes can be used as a last resort/treatment to meet stringent discharge
norms as shown in Figure 4.15, specifically in light of the following:
• Ideally suited for removal of residual toxicity from wastewater.
• Can reduce COD <1000 ppm.
• Can meet norms for reuse of wastewater.
• Can be applied in CETPs, chemical complexes, municipal sewage systems.

4.7.2 Advanced Oxidation Process as Standalone Treatment
Small- and medium-scale industries have limited options for treatment of
high COD and biorefractory wastewater. Limited expertise and infrastruc-
ture for wastewater treatment limits the ability of industry to meet even
simple CETP inlet norms. This therefore necessitates a different strategy
(as depicted in Figure 4.16):
• Versatile treatment for a wide range of wastewater streams.
• A low footprint technology that is well suited for small- and medium-
scale industries.
• Easily expandable and automatic in operation.

Activated sludge Tertiary Final
process treatment discharge

AOP

Figure 4.15 AOP as a polishing technology.