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Reorienting Waste Remediation Towards Harnessing Bioenergy 265

and a high cetane number, but suffer from poor cold flow properties (Harrison
etal.,2012).Algal-basedoilisofsignificantimportanceduetoitsrenewableand
carbon neutral nature.

6.7 SUMMARY
Currently, the processes discussed in this chapter are being evaluated either
at the laboratory scale or pilot scale. The low end-product yield is a major
stumbling block that needs to be overcome prior to industrial escalation. At
present, basic and applied research is on the way to provide more insight
into establishing optimized conditions. Process optimization of operational
factors needs to be addressed with a multidisciplinary approach. Process
integration will definitely have a positive influence on the overall efficiency
and paves way for a biorefinery. Process engineering is of paramount
importance for the establishment of sustainable remediation technologies
along with value addition. Technical feasibility, simplicity, economics,
societal needs, and political priorities are some of the vital aspects that
can differentiate the bioprocesses used to treat waste in the future. Utilizing
wastewater/waste for value addition through its remediation in the future
will open a new avenue for the utilization of renewable and inexhaustible
feedstock.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The author wishes to thank the Director, CSIR-IICT, Hyderabad, for the
encouragement. Funding from Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
(CSIR), Government of India, in the form of 12 five-year plan projects (CSC-
0113, CSC-0116, ESC-0108), Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Gov-
ernment of India, in the form of EU-FP7-KBBE project on Strengthening
Networking on Biomass Research and Biowaste Conversion-Biotechnology
for Europe-India Integration (SAHYOG) (No. BT/IN/EU/07/PMS/2011)
and Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Government of
India, in the form of Mission Mode Project on Hydrogen Production through
Biological Routes (No. 103/131/2008-NT) are greatly acknowledged.

REFERENCES

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