Page 337 - Industrial Wastewater Treatment, Recycling and Reuse

Urban Wastewater Treatment 309

However, it is necessary to evaluate all the treatment options by studying
each technique in detail before concluding the treatment process is favorable
in all aspects for the local conditions. The additional use of certain methods,
such as energy recovery in the treatment process and the use of biomethana-
tion techniques, will change the overall cost aspects of the STPs. The rev-
enues generated by the treatment plants are not sufficient to address their
operating costs and require proper funding from the Government sector
in order to utilize the systems to maximum extent.
Financial Conditions of Sewage and Sewage Treatment Systems: Almost all the
urban bodies in India have difficulty with financial sustainability to meet their
requirements and therefore in the discharge of their functions in a proper
manner to meet the demands of the society. In India sewage treatment is
receiving low priority as far as funding is concerned. As per the study con-
ducted by the National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA), the sanitation
systems generate very low revenues and are sometimes referred to as non-
revenue generators. The current revenues and costs for all urban bodies are
very low in India; thus there is no planning for cost-effective policies for sew-
age collections at treatment systems and disposal facilities. Revenues will be
increased by raising the cost tariffs to meet the capital costs, operation, and
maintenance costs gradually over a period of time.
Some of the options for use of treated sewage in industrial application are
given below. These are evident from current technological attainability.
1. Minimizing cooling water requirements with the superior GenGard
technology—Leading Metals Company, Rajasthan.
2. Reducing dependency on freshwater sources by reusing industrial waste-
water with the ZeeWeed MBR technology: Global automobile manu-
facturer, Bangalore.
3. Reducing dependency on freshwater sources by reusing wastewater in an
urban setting with the ZeeWeed MBR technology: National IT com-
pany, Pune and Mysore.
4. Protecting the environment by treating chemical industry wastewater
using ZLD technology: International chemical company, Madhya
Pradesh (Ministry of Water Resources, 2008).
Some of the case studies relating industrial water production and reuse to an
urban-industry joint venture are given below.

7.4.1 Sewage Reclamation Plant, the Rashtriya Chemicals
and Fertilizers Plant, Chembur, Mumbai, India
In its 2011 report (MoEF, 2011), Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertilizers states
that it is treating multiplex wastewater for industrial reuse purposes. The