Page 259 - Inside the Film Factory New Approaches to Russian and Soviet Cinema

240 INSIDE THE FILM FACTORY
Lekert with regard to the Party programme, which bear a strong flavour of
anarchism, Kushnirov stumbles into a grave political error.
30 N.Levin, The Jews in the Soviet Union since 1917: Paradox of Survival (New York:
1988), pp. 278 ff.
31 N.Sirotina, transcribed interview (1980), p. 19, William E.Wiener Oral History
Library, American Jewish Committee, New York.
32 E.Lyons, Assignment in Utopia (New York: 1937), pp. 520—1.
33 S.Dinamov, ‘Film Art in Soviet White Russia’, in: A.Arossev (ed.), Soviet Cinema
(Moscow: 1935)’ p. 115.
34 P.Markish, ‘Generations’, in: J.Neugroschel (ed. and trans.), The Shtetl: A Creative
Anthology of Jewish Life in Eastern Europe (New York: 1979), p. 462.
35 J.Scott, Behind the Urals: An American Worker in Russia’s City of Steel (Cambridge,
Mass.: 1942), pp. 91—2.
36 M.Gordon, ‘Program of the Minor Leftists in the Soviet Theater, 1919—1924’
(unpublished PhD dissertation, New York University: 1982), p. 205.
37 K.Clark, The Soviet Novel: History as Ritual (Chicago: 1981), p. 94.
38 Morgn freyheyt [Morning Freedom] (New York), 14 April 1933, p. 7.
39 Variety (New York), 25 April 1933, n.p.
40 Scott, p. 240.
41 Ekstsentrizm (Petrograd: 1922); FF, p. 58.
42 M.Heller and A.M.Nekrich, Utopia in Power: The History of the Soviet Union from
1917 to the Present (New York: 1986), p. 217. The hero of N.Smirnov’s popular
novel Jack Vosmerkin the American, also cited by Heller and Nekrich, anticipated
Nathan Becker in returning from America to his native village in order to serve the
Revolution with New World know-how.
43 B.J.Choseed, ‘Jews in Soviet Literature’, in: E.J.Simmons (ed.), Through the Glass of
Soviet Literature (New York: 1961), p. 132.
44 ‘Mass Struggle’, New York State Board of Censors file, New York State Archives,
Albany.
45 B.Berest, History of the Ukrainian Cinema (New York: 1962), p. 233.
46 Variety (New York), 23 October 1935, n.p.
47 D.Maryan, Kino, 4 June 1935; M.Grinberg, Kino, 10 June 1935, quoted in notes
prepared by Naum Kleiman for the ‘Unknown Soviet Cinema’ screenings at the
Pacific Film Archives, Berkeley, Calif., November 1989.
48 ‘Russia’s Daniel Boones: Jewish Pioneers Who Are Blazing a New Trail in Biro-
Bidjan’, 1934 mimeographed text, cited in: Z. Szajkowski, The Mirage of American
Jewish Aid in Soviet Russia 1917—1939 (New York: 1977), p. 163.
49 J.Leyda, ‘New Soviet Movies: Films of the National Minorities’, New Theatre (New
York), vol. 2, no. 1 (January 1935), p. 20.
50 M.Epstein, The Jew and Communism (New York: 1959), p. 313.
51 S.Schwartz, The Jews in the Soviet Union (Syracuse, NY: 1951), p. 181.
52 B.Shumyatskii, ‘Za sovershenstvo masterstva’, Iskusstvo kino, no. 7 (July 1936), pp.
6, 8; ‘Perfecting Our Mastery’, FF, p. 374.
53 Quoted by Lvov-Rogachevsky, p. 300. According to figures given by Szajkowski (p.
167), between 1931 and 1936 fewer than 1,400 Jews immigrated to Birobidzhan from
abroad.