Page 360 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

L1644_C08.fm Page 324 Tuesday, October 21, 2003 3:03 PM

Daily Human Doses of 1,1,1-trichlorethane

1.0E-08
1.0E-10
1.0E-12
1.0E-14
1.0E-16
1.0E-18
1.0E-20
INGESTION WATER
INGESTION FISH
INGESTION MILK
DERMAL UPTAKE
INHALATION INGESTION MEAT INGESTION EGGS INGESTION SOIL

FIGURE 8.8 Daily human dose through different exposure types (mg/kg/d).

8.2.5 CONCLUSIONS FROM THE LANDFILLING EXAMPLE OF MHSW
A comprehensive LCA in the context of integrated solid waste management software
was carried out. It is evident that in the case of landfilling, the site-specific component
is relevant to evaluate if potential impacts really correspond to actual impacts. To
further study this question in the example the main pollutant contributing to the
human health indicator was chosen to carry out an exposure risk assessment.
It could be shown that the potential impact does not correspond to any
unacceptable risk for the neighborhood. Nevertheless, the value of LCA clearly
lies in its highlighting of the existing emissions that must all be considered
according to the precautionary principle and in its holistic approach by assessing
several pollutants and the related impact categories at once along the studied life
cycle. Further work is necessary and should include performing similar studies
for other media such as water and soil with adequate models and taking into
account the accident risks.

8.3 EXAMPLE 2: LCA OF UNIVERSAL REMOTE FOR
OPERATING A TELEVISION AND VIDEO
8.3.1 INTRODUCTION
A case study of an LCA of a universal remote for operating a television and a
video is performed. The inventory data include the consumption of raw materials
and energy through manufacturing, distribution and use of the remote, and the
corresponding emissions to air, water and soil in each of these different stages.
The following 11 environmental impact categories have been considered in the
impact assessment phase: raw material depletion (RMD); global warming (GW);
ozone depletion (OD); air toxicity (AT); photochemical ozone creation (POC);

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