Page 301 - Intelligent Digital Oil And Gas Fields

CHAPTER SEVEN

Smart Wells and Techniques

for Reservoir Monitoring

Contents
7.1 Introduction to Smart Wells 250
7.2 Types of Down-Hole Valves 252
7.2.1 Passive Valves 252
7.2.2 Autonomous Passive Valves 252
7.2.3 Reactive-Actionable Valves 253
7.3 Surface Data Acquisition and Control 254
7.4 Smart Well Applications 255
7.5 Smart Well Performance 256
7.5.1 Production Test for Smart Wells 257
7.5.2 Virtual PLT 258
7.6 Smart Well Modeling and Control 261
7.6.1 Single-Zone Control Analysis Using an ICV 262
7.6.2 Multiple-Zone Control Analysis Using ICVs 262
7.6.3 Coupling Wellbore and Gridded Simulators to Model ICVs 266
7.6.4 Modeling ICDs for Oil Wells 267
7.6.5 Modeling AICDs for Oil Wells 270
7.7 Optimizing Field Production With Smart Wells 272
7.7.1 Control Modes 273
7.8 Smart Improved Oil Recovery/Enhanced Oil Recovery Management 275
7.8.1 WAG Injection Process 278
7.8.2 Thermal Monitoring 282
7.8.3 Automated EOR/Chemical Process 283
References 287
Further Reading 289

This chapter introduces concepts associated with smart well technology and
its application to maximize the oil-recovery factor and improve financial
indicators. In 1997, the first successful “smart well” was installed in a well
in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea. What made the well “smart”?
The completion incorporated permanently installed, down-hole pressure
and temperature measurements integrated with remotely controlled,
high-fidelity flow-control valves. Konopczynski and Ajayi (2008) stated that

Intelligent Digital Oil and Gas Fields © 2018 Elsevier Inc. 249
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-804642-5.00007-4 All rights reserved.