Page 429 - Introduction to Electronic Commerce and Social Commerce

418 Glossary

Direct marketing Describes marketing that takes place with- poses of learning, teaching, training, or gaining knowl-
out physical stores. Selling takes place directly from manu- edge at any time, and at many different locations.
facturer to customer. Electronic (online) banking or e-banking Conducting bank-
Direct materials Materials used in making products, such ing activities online.
as steel in a car or paper in a book. Electronic auction (e-auction) An auction conducted online.
Discount rate The main fee that a merchant pays for offer- Electronic book (e-book) A book in digital format that can
ing credit card payments. be read on a computer screen, including mobile devices
Disintermediation Elimination of intermediaries between (e.g., a tablet, iPhone), or on a dedicated device known
sellers and buyers because they offer only services that as an e-reader.
can be fully automated; or are responsible for certain Electronic catalog (e-catalog) The presentation of prod-
activities (usually in a supply chain) between trading uct information in electronic form; the backbone of most
partners. e-selling sites.
Distance learning Education conducted from home or Electronic commerce (EC) Using the Internet and intranets
other place, anytime. to purchase, sell, transport, or trade data, goods, or services.
Double auction An auction in which multiple buyers and Electronic market (e-marketplace) An online location
their bidding prices are matched with multiple sellers and where buyers and sellers conduct commercial transactions
their asking prices, considering the quantities on both such as selling goods, services, or information.
sides. Electronic money Abbreviated e-money, it is a digital repre-
Dynamic pricing Prices that are not fixed but that are allowed sentation of fiat currency used for purposes of electronic
to fluctuate, and are determined by supply and demand. transfer.
E-bartering (electronic bartering) Bartering conducted Electronic retailing (e-tailing) Retailing conducted over
online, usually in a bartering exchange. the Internet.
E-business A broader definition of EC, not just the buying Electronic shopping cart Software that allows customers
and selling of goods and services, but conducting all kinds to accumulate items they wish to buy before they arrange
of business online such as servicing customers, collabo- payment and check out.
rating with business partners, delivering e-learning, and Electronic signature “The electronic equivalent of a hand-
conducting electronic transactions within an organization. written signature” (per pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/
EC security strategy Multiple layers of defense that includes 42500/electronic-signature).
several methods. This defense aims to deter, prevent, and E-mail advertising Ads are attached to e-mails.
detect unauthorized entry into an organization’s computer E-mail marketing The use of e-mail for sending commer-
and information systems. cial messages to users.
E-collaboration The use of digital technologies among peo- E-mail spam Occurs when almost identical messages are
ple for accomplishing a common task. e-mailed to many recipients (sometimes millions of unso-
E-distributor An entity that basically aggregates product licited e-mails).
information from many manufacturers, sometimes thou- E-mall (online mall) An online shopping center where
sands of them, in the e-distributor’s catalog. many online stores present their catalogs.
E-government The use of information technology in gen- E-marketplace An electronic space where sellers and
eral, and e-commerce in particular, to improve the deliv- buyers meet and conduct different types of transactions.
ery of government services and activities in the public Encryption The process of encoding data into a form
sector, such as providing citizens and organizations with (called a ciphertext) that will be difficult, expensive, or
more convenient access to government information and time-consuming for an unauthorized person to understand.
services, and to providing effective delivery of public ser- Encryption algorithm The set of procedures or math-
vices to engage citizens and businesses partners, as well ematical algorithms used to encrypt or decrypt a message.
as improving the performance of government employ- Enterprise 2.0 “The use of social software platforms
ees. Governments can deal also with other governments within companies, or between companies and their part-
(G2G). ners or customers.” McAfee (2009)
E-grocer A grocer that takes orders online and provides Enterprise mobility The people and technology (e.g.,
deliveries on a daily or other regular schedule or within a devices and networks) that enable mobile computing
very short period of time, sometimes within an hour. applications within the enterprise.
E-health The transfer of health resources and health care Enterprise search The search for information within the
by electronic means. files and databases of an organization.
E-learning The online delivery of educational materials E-procurement (electronic procurement) The online pur-
and methods using information technologies, for the pur- chase of supplies, materials, energy, work, and services. It