Page 431 - Introduction to Electronic Commerce and Social Commerce

420 Glossary

Interactive video A technique used to mix user interaction Live banners Ads where the content can be created or
with videos. modified at the time the ads pop up instead of being pre-
Interactive voice response (IVR) A voice support appli- programmed like banner ads.
cation system that enables users to interact by telephone Localization The transformation and adaptation of Web
(of any kind) with a computerized system to request and content media products and advertising materials to fit the
receive information. Web environment of a certain region or country.
Interchange rate The fees charged by the issuing bank for Location-based commerce (l-commerce) A wireless-
handling authorization and settlement requests. based technology used by vendors to send advertisements
Intermediary A third party that operates between sellers relevant to the location where customers are at a given
and buyers. time by using GPS.
Internet of Things (IoT) A situation where many objects Macro virus (macro worm) A malware code that is
(people, animals, items) with embedded microprocessors attached to a data file rather than to an executable pro-
are connected mostly wirelessely to the Internet. gram (e.g., a Word file).
Internet Radio Audio content transmitted live via the Maintenance, repair, and operation (MRO) Indirect
Internet. materials used in activities that support production.
Internet TV The delivery of TV content via the Internet Malware (malicious software) A generic term for mali-
by video streaming technologies. cious software.
Internet underground economy E-markets for stolen Maverick buying A buying situation that occurs when
information made up of thousands of websites that sell a buyer makes unplanned purchases of items needed
credit card numbers, social security numbers, e-mail quickly, resulting in buying at non-pre-negotiated, and
addresses, bank account numbers, social network IDs, usually higher, prices.
passwords, and much more. Merge-in-transit Logistics model in which components
Intrabusiness EC E-commerce category that refers to EC for a product may come from two (or more) different
transactions among various organizational departments physical locations and are shipped directly to the custom-
and individuals. er’s location.
Intranet An internal corporate or government network that Micropayments (e-micropayments) Small online pay-
uses Internet tools, such as Web browsers, and Internet ments, usually under $10.
protocols. M-learning (mobile learning) Refers to e-learning or
Intrusion detection system (IDS) A device composed of other forms of education using mobile devices.
software and/or hardware designed to monitor the activi- Mobile (digital) wallet Proximity payments that are deb-
ties of computer networks and computer systems in order ited to a mobile phone account as a monthly fee or to a
to detect and define unauthorized and malicious attempts debit card account. The technology enables payments as
to access, manipulate, and/or disable these networks and well as processing loyalty programs and performing tar-
systems. get promotions all in one mobile device.
Key (key value) The secret piece used with the algorithm Mobile advertising (m-advertising) “Advertising tailored
to encrypt (or decrypt) the message. to and delivered through wireless mobile devices such as
Key performance indicator (KPI) A quantifiable measure- smartphones (e.g., Blackberry, iPhone, Android, etc.),
ment that is considered a critical success factor of a com- feature phones (e.g., lower-end mobile phones capable of
pany, department, or project. accessing mobile content), and media tablets (e.g., iPad,
Keystroke logging (keylogging) The process of using a Samsung Galaxy Tablet, etc.)” (IAB 2014).
device or software program that tracks and records the Mobile app A software application developed specifi-
activity of a user in real time (without the user’s knowl- cally for use on small, wireless computing devices, such
edge or consent) by the keyboard keys they press. as smartphones and tablets, rather than desktop or laptop
Knowledge management (KM) The process of capturing computers.
or creating knowledge, storing it, updating it constantly, Mobile banking (m-banking) A term used to describe
disseminating it, and using it whenever necessary. the conducting of banking activities via a mobile device
Landing page The page a viewer is directed to after hav- (mostly by texting, or via mobile website).
ing clicked on a link. In online marketing, this page is Mobile commerce (m-commerce; m- business) Conducting
used to convert the person from a viewer to a buyer. e-commerce by using mobile devices and wireless net-
Learning management system (LMS) Software applica- works.
tions for managing e-training and e-learning programs Mobile enterprise Mobile applications conducted by enter-
including content, scheduling, delivery tips, and so forth. prises to improve the operations of the employees, facilities,