Page 433 - Introduction to Electronic Commerce and Social Commerce

422 Glossary

Public (asymmetric) key encryption An encryption Short message service (SMS) A service that supports the
method that uses two keys: public key and private key. transmittal of short text messages (up to 140–160 charac-
Public e-marketplaces Third-party exchanges open to all ters) between wireless devices.
interested parties (sellers and buyers). Smart card A plastic payment card that contains data in an
Public key A key that is known to all. embedded microchip.
Public key infrastructure (PKI) A comprehensive frame- Smart card reader A read/write device that acts as a
work for securing data flow and information exchange mediator between the card and the host system that stores
that overcomes some of the shortcomings of the one-key application data and processes transactions.
system. Smart grid An electricity network managed by utilizing
Radio frequency identification (RFID) A short-range digital technology.
radio frequency communication technology for wire- Smartphone A mobile phone with Internet access and
lessly identifying and tracking tags attached to objects. PC-like functionality.
Random banners Banner ads that appear randomly, not as Smartwatch A computerized wrist watch with functional-
a result of some action by the user. ity that is enhanced beyond timekeeping. Today, smart-
Reintermediation The new intermediation that provides watches are wearable computers. Many run mobile apps,
valuable help services. using a mobile operating system.
Request for quote (RFQ) A form or document used as an Social (digital) customers Members of social networks
“invitation” to take part in a reverse auction. who share opinions about products, services, and vendors,
Reverse auction (bidding or tendering system) Auction do online social shopping, and understand their rights and
in which the buyer places an item for bid (tender) on a how to use the wisdom and power of social communities
request for quote (RFQ) system, potential suppliers bid on to their benefit.
the job, with the price reducing sequentially, and the low- Social business “An organization that has put in place the
est bid wins; primarily a B2B or G2B mechanism. strategies, technologies and processes to systematically
Risk The probability that a vulnerability will be known engage all the individuals of its ecosystem (employees,
and used. customers, partners, suppliers) to maximize the co-cre-
Search advertising Placing online ads on Web pages that ated value.” (Social Business Forum). Or “A business that
show results from querying a search engine. embraces networks of people to create business value.”
Search engine A computer program that can access data- (IBM 2011). Or a name for a profit or nonprofit organiza-
bases of Internet resources, search for specific informa- tion that is designed to achieve some social goal(s) rather
tion or keywords, and report the results. than just make profit.
Search engine optimization (SEO) A process that improves Social collaboration (Collaboration 2.0) People’s col-
the position of a company or brands on the results page dis- laboration within and between communities enabled by
played by a search engine. Ideally, the results should be in social media tools and platforms. The process where
the top five on the first page of the results. people, individually or in groups, interact and share infor-
Search engine spam The technology that enables the cre- mation and knowledge while in social networks, or when
ation of spam sites. pursuing social goals.
Sell-side e-marketplace A place where a company sells Social commerce (SC) The e-commerce activities conducted
either standard or customized products to individuals in social networks by using social software.
(B2C) or to businesses (B2B); this type of selling is con- Social computing Computing systems that involve social
sidered to be one-to-many. In this model a business sells interactions and behavior.
products and services to business customers electroni- Social customer relationship management (SCRM, CRM
cally, frequently over an extranet. 2.0) The delivery of CRM by using social media tools
Semantic Web A group of methods that focuses on and platforms.
machines (in contrast with Web 2.0 that focuses on Social customers Customers who usually are members in
people), trying to enable machines to understand the social networks, do social shopping, and understand their
semantics (i.e., the meaning) of information using natural shopper’s rights and how to use them to their advantage.
language understanding tools. Social engineering A type of nontechnical attack that uses
Sharing economy An economic system constructed around some ruse to trick users into revealing information or per-
the concept of sharing goods and services among the par- forming an action that compromises a computer or network.
ticipating people. Social enterprise These organizations embrace the main
Shopping portals Gateways to webstores and e-malls. goal of focusing on social issues. The enterprises generate
Shopping robots (shopping agents or shopbots) Search revenue. The profits do not go to owners and sharehold-
engines that look for the lowest prices or for other search ers, but are put back into the company and used toward
criteria. building positive social change. The use of social media