Page 14 - Introduction to chemical reaction engineering and kinetics

xiv Contents

8.2.3 Other Liquid-Phase Reactions 186
8.2.4 Organometallic Catalysis 186
8.3 Autocatalysis 187
8.4 Surface Catalysis: Intrinsic Kinetics 191
8.4.1 Surface-Reaction Steps 191
8.4.2 Adsorption Without Reaction: Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm 192
8.4.3 Langmuir-Hinshelwood (LH) Kinetics 195
8.4.4 Beyond Langmuir-Hinshelwood Kinetics 197
8.5 Heterogeneous Catalysis: Kinetics in Porous Catalyst Particles 198
8.5.1 General Considerations 198
8.5.2 Particle Density and Voidage (Porosity) 199
8.5.3 Modes of Diffusion; Effective Diffusivity 199
8.5.4 Particle Effectiveness Factor 77 201
8.5.5 Dependence of n on Temperature 210
8.5.6 Overall Effectiveness Factor Q 212
8.6 Catalyst Deactivation and Regeneration 214
8.6.1 Fouling 214
8.6.2 Poisoning 215
8.6.3 Sintering 215
8.6.4 How Deactivation Affects Performance 216
8.6.5 Methods for Catalyst Regeneration 216
8.7 Problems for Chapter 8 218

9 0’ MULTIPHASE REACTING SYSTEMS 224
9.1 Gas-Solid (Reactant) Systems 224
9.1.1 Examples of Systems 224
9.1.2 Constant-Size Particle 225
9.1.3 Shrinking Particle 237
9.2 Gas-Liquid Systems 239
9.2.1 Examples of Systems 239
9.2.2 Two-Film Mass-Transfer Model for Gas-Liquid Systems 240
9.2.3 Kinetics Regimes for Two-Film Model 242
9.3 Intrinsic Kinetics of Heterogeneous Reactions Involving Solids 255
9.4 Problems for Chapter 9 257

10 . BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS: ENZYME KINETICS 261
10.1 Enzyme Catalysis 261
10.1.1 Nature and Examples of Enzyme Catalysis 261
10.1.2 Experimental Aspects 263
10.2 Models of Enzyme Kinetics 264
10.2.1 Michaelis-Menten Model 264
10.2.2 Briggs-Haldane Model 266
10.3 Estimation of K,,, and V,, 267
10.3.1 Linearized Form of the Michaelis-Menten Equation 267
10.3.2 Linearized Form of the Integrated Michaelis-Menten Equation 269
10.3.3 Nonlinear Treatment 269
10.4 Inhibition and Activation in Enzyme Reactions 269
10.4.1 Substrate Effects 270
10.4.2 External Inhibitors and Activators 272
10.5 Problems for Chapter 10 276

11 . PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS IN CHEMICAL REACTION
ENGINEERING 279
11.1 Process Design and Mechanical Design 279
11.1.1 Process Design 279
11.1.2 Mechanical Design 283