Page 17 - Introduction to chemical reaction engineering and kinetics

Contents xvii

19.4 One-Parameter Models for Nonideal Plow 471
19.4.1 Tanks-in-Series (TIS) Model 471
19.4.2 Axial Dispersion or Dispersed Plug Flow (DPF) Model 483
19.4.3 Comparison of DPF and TIS Models 490
19.5 Problems for Chapter 19 490

20 . REACTOR PERFORMANCE WITH NONIDEAL FLOW 495
20.1 Tanks-in-Series (TIS) Reactor Model 495
20.2 Axial Dispersion Reactor Model 499
20.3 Segregated-Plow Reactor Model (SPM) 501
20.4 Maximum-Mixedness Reactor Model (MMM) 502
20.5 Performance Characteristics for Micromixing Models 504
20.6 Problems for Chapter 20 508

21 . FIXED-BED CATALYTIC REACTORS FOR FLUID-SOLID
REACTIONS 512
21.1 Examples of Reactions 512
21.2 Types of Reactors and Modes of Operation 514
21.2.1 Reactors for Two-Phase Reactions 514
21.2.2 Flow Arrangement 514
21.2.3 Thermal and Bed Arrangement 514
21.3 Design Considerations 516
21.3.1 Considerations of Particle and Bed Characteristics 516
21.3.2 Fluid-Particle Interaction; Pressure Drop (-AP) 517
21.3.3 Considerations Relating to a Reversible Reaction 519
21.4 A Classification of Reactor Models 523
21.5 Pseudohomogeneous, One-Dimensional, Plug-Plow Model 527
21.51 Continuity Equation 527
21.5.2 Optimal Single-Stage Operation 528
21.5.3 Adiabatic Operation 529
21.5.4 Nonadiabatic Operation 542
21.6 Heterogeneous, One-Dimensional, Plug-Plow Model 544
21.7 One-Dimensional Versus ‘Dvo-Dimensional Models 546
21.8 Problems for Chapter 21 546

22 . REACTORS FOR FLUID-SOLID (NONCATALYTIC) REACTIONS 552
22.1 Reactions and Reaction Kinetics Models 552
22.2 Reactor Models 553
22.2.1 Factors Affecting Reactor Performance 553
22.2.2 Semicontinuous Reactors 553
22.2.3 Continuous Reactors 554
22.2.4 Examples of Continuous Reactor Models 556
22.2.5 Extension to More Complex Cases 563
22.3 Problems for Chapter 22 566
23 . FLUIDIZED-BED AND OTHER MOVING-PARTICLE REACTORS FOR
FLUID-SOLID REACTIONS 569
23.1 Moving-Particle Reactors 570
23.1.1 Some Types 570
23.1.2 Examples of Reactions 572
23.1.3 Advantages and Disadvantages 573
23.1.4 Design Considerations 574
23.2 Pluid-Particle Interactions 574
23.2.1 Upward Flow of Fluid Through Solid Particles: (-AP) Regimes 575
23.2.2 Minimum Fluidization Velocity ( umf) 575