Page 16 - Introduction to chemical reaction engineering and kinetics

xvi Contents

15 . PLUG FLOW REACTORS (PFR) 365
15.1 Uses of a PFR 365
15.2 Design Equations for a PFR 366
15.2.1 General Considerations; Material, Energy and Momentum Balances 366
15.2.2 Constant-Density System 370
152.3 Variable-Density System 376
15.3 Recycle Operation of a PFR 380
15.3.1 Constant-Density System 381
153.2 Variable-Density System 386
M.4 Combinations of PFRs: Configurational Effects 387
15.5 Problems for Chapter 15 389

16 . LAMINAR FLOW REACTORS (LFR) 393
16.1 Uses of an LFR 393
16.2 Design Equations for an LFR 394
16.2.1 General Considerations and Material Balance 394
16.2.2 Fractional Conversion and Concentration (Profiles) 395
16.2.3 Size of Reactor 397
16.2.4 Results for Specific Rate Laws 397
16.2.5 Summary of Results for LFR 399
16.2.6 LFR Performance in Relation to SFM 400
16.3 Problems for Chapter 16 400

17 . COMPARISONS AND COMBINATIONS O F IDEAL REACTORS 402
17.1 Single-Vessel Comparisons 402
17.1.1 BR and CSTR 402
17.1.2 BR and PFR 404
17.1.3 CSTR and PFR 405
17.1.4 PFR, LFR, and CSTR 406
17.2 Multiple-Vessel Contigurations 408
17.2.1 CSTRs in Parallel 409
17.2.2 CSTRs in Series: RTD 410
17.2.3 PFR and CSTR Combinations in Series 413
17.3 Problems for Chapter 17 418

18 . COMPLEX REACTIONS IN IDEAL REACTORS 422
18.1 Reversible Reactions 422
18.2 Parallel Reactions 426
18.3 Series Reactions 429
18.3.1 Series Reactions in a BR or PFR 429
18.3.2 Series Reactions in a CSTR 430
18.4 Choice of Reactor and Design Considerations 432
18.4.1 Reactors for Reversible Reactions 433
18.4.2 Reactors for Parallel-Reaction Networks 435
18.4.3 Reactors for Series-Reaction Networks 437
18.4.4 Reactors for Series-Parallel Reaction Networks 441
18.5 Problems for Chapter 18 445

19 . NONIDEAL FLOW 453
19.1 General Features of Nonideal Flow 453
19.2 Miig: Macromixing and Micromixing 454
19.3 Characterization of Nonideal Flow in Terms of RTD 455
19.3.1 Applications of RTD Measurements 455
19.3.2 Experimental Measurement of RTD 455